Thompson Submachine Gun: Difference between revisions
Thompson Submachine Gun: Difference between revisions - Internet Movie Firearms Database - Guns in Movies, TV and Video Games
Thompson Submachine Gun: Difference between revisions
(683 intermediate revisions by 71 users not shown)
Line 1:
Line 1:
'''The Thompson sub-machine gun, or "Tommy Gun", has appeared in the following films, television series, anime, and video games used by the following actors:'''
[[Image:Persuader.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Belt-fed Thompson "Persuader" prototype - .45 ACP. Ammunition was supplied from an attached box.]]
The legendary '''Thompson Submachine Gun''' is an American SMG developed in the late 1910s by General John T Thompson. Initially envisioning an "auto rifle" to replace bolt-action rifles in American service while using an operating system less expensive than recoil or gas, Thompson acquired a patent issued to John Bell Blish for what turned out to be a friction-delayed blowback action. However, since the only cartridge in US military service that would work with the Blish action was the .45 ACP pistol round, Thompson changed his goal to a "one-man, hand-held machine gun," imagining it being used as a "trench broom."
___TOC__<br clear=all>
The earliest design from 1917 was a bizarre belt-fed weapon called the "Persuader." This morphed into the magazine-fed "Annihilator" in 1918-1919, which boasted a staggering fire rate of up to 1,500 RPM, rendering the weapon virtually uncontrollable in fullauto. A pattern gun with no stock or sights was presented to Colt later on in 1919 to be redesigned for production. This became the M1921 and was marketed as a "submachine gun:" while not the first weapon of the type, it was the first to actually use the name.
The Thompson is inescapably associated with gangsters during America's prohibition era as "the gun that made the twenties roar," though this is largely a media myth: the gun was far too expensive for an average thug (costing $200 with a single 20-round magazine, equivalent to about $2,800 in modern money) as well as heavy and hard to conceal, and the most common weapons for such criminals were revolvers or sawed-off shotguns. The Thompson's infamy instead stems from a few high-profile users such as John Dillinger, George "Machine Gun" Kelly and especially Al Capone. Ironically, it was originally only intended for military and police use '''only''' and was marketed as "The gun that safeguards the innocent!", and providing a level of firepower that would send cowardly criminals running for cover. Considering that a fully automatic weapon with a good amount of recoil isn't exactly the safest way to ensure no innocent bystanders are hurt, it didn't take off in this role and eventually hit the civilian market.
'''Note:''' The M1921 Thompson and the M1928 Thompson are nearly identical from a distance. The M1921 has a very fine high blued polish finish and has a very fast rate of fire (faster than an [[Uzi]] but slower than a [[MAC-10]]). The M1928 has a more matte blued finish (or a black paint finish) and it has a much slower rate of fire (like an [[M3 Grease Gun]]). Since sound effects are so often 'foleyed' after the fact and since sound engineers can place the wrong sound effect for a gun, one can never be 100% sure of the fire rate of a weapon. However, if the rate of fire seems fast or the gun is obviously a high polished blued finish, then the weapon should go into the M1921 Category, not the M1928.
'''The Thompson submachine gun, or "Tommy Gun", has appeared in the following films, television series, anime, and video games used by the following actors:'''
'''Capacity:''' 20, 30 round straight box magazine, 50, 100 round drum magazine (not compatible with M1 or M1A1), belt feed ("Persuader" prototype)
'''Fire Modes:''' Semi-auto / full-auto (600-725 RPM, 1,500 RPM on "Annihilator I" prototype and 800 on "Annihilator II")
<br clear=all>
==M1919 Thompson==
[[File:Annihilator.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1918/1919 Thompson "Annihilator I" (serial number one) with 20-round magazine - .45 ACP (colorized photo). Originally built as belt-feed in 1918, it received an adapter towards the end of the year to use the new box magazines.]]
[[File:M1919 Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1919 Thompson serial number 17 as it appears in early sales literature, with 50-round drum magazine (20-round box and 100-round drum beside) - .45 ACP]]
The M1919 is a family of various Thompson submachine gun prototypes, all slightly different from each other. Around 40 prototypes were believed to have been made, and only 11 exist today. The earliest M1919 Thompsons (after the "Persuader" prototype) are also known as "Annihilators". The earliest Annihilator I needed an adaptor to use straight magazines.
The SMGs appear in various configurations, with different attachments, and some lacking sights and buttstocks.
Contrary to popular myth, the "Annihilators" were never intended to be shipped to WWI-time Europe, because there was only one example of the Annihilator in 1918, and was still testing its magazine feed system at the time. With a few exceptions, Auto-Ordnance only began attempting to market their weapons later in 1920, to the Polish and anti-Bolshevik forces at war at the time, but intense hostilities will interrupt these plans. The "WWI-myth" itself stems from the 1921 confiscation of a M1921 batch destined for the RIA from the New York docks.
| ''[[Battlefield 1]]'' ||"Annihilator" and "M1919 SMG"|| Added in 2018. || 2016
|-
|}
<br clear=all>
<br clear=all>
Line 23:
Line 61:
[[Image:Colt1921AC.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Colt M1921AC Thompson with 20-round magazine - .45 ACP.]]
[[Image:Colt1921AC.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Colt M1921AC Thompson with 20-round magazine - .45 ACP.]]
[[Image:M1921Thompson.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Colt M1921AC Thompson with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP.]]
[[Image:M1921Thompson.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Colt M1921AC Thompson with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP.]]
[[Image:M1921AC.jpg|thumb|400px|right|M1921AC Thompson with a horizontal fore grip and 30-round magazine - .45ACP]]
The M1921 is the original production version of the Thompson Submachine Gun, as manufactured by Colt Firearms in 1921. The M1921 is of the highest quality, fit, and along with a high polish blued finish, more like high grade sporting arm, than a military weapon. Standard features of the M1921 are the finned barrels, some sent with Cutts compensators, knurled lightweight bolt handles, Lyman Model 55B adjustable rear sights, push button detachable butt stocks, vertical fore grips and checkered fire control levers.
The M1921 is the original production version of the Thompson Submachine Gun, as manufactured by Colt Firearms in 1921 under contract from Auto-Ordnance. The M1921 is of the highest quality, fit, and along with a high polish blued finish, more like high a grade sporting arm, than a military weapon. Standard features of the M1921 are the finned barrels, some sent with Cutts compensators, knurled lightweight bolt handles, Lyman Model 55B adjustable rear sights, push button detachable butt stocks, vertical fore grips and checkered fire control levers.
| ''[[OSS 117 (OSS 117 se déchaîne)]]'' || [[Pierre Moncorbier]] || The guardian of cave || || 1963
|-
| ''[[10th Victim, The (La decima vittima)|The 10th Victim (La decima vittima)]]'' || || The man at shooting range || || 1965
|-
| ''[[Up to His Ears (Les tribulations d'un Chinois en Chine)]]'' || || Chinese triads || || 1965
|-
| rowspan=2|''[[OSS 117: Mission for a Killer (Furia à Bahia pour OSS 117)]]''|| [[Frederick Stafford]] ||Hubert Bonnisseur|| rowspan=2| || rowspan=2|1965
|-
| || The Nazis and Indians
|-
| ''[[Modesty Blaise]]'' || || Fothergill´s men || || 1966
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[St. Valentine's Day Massacre, The|The St. Valentine's Day Massacre]]''||[[Jason Robards]]||Al Capone|| rowspan=2| || rowspan=2|1967
[[File:M1928.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928 Thompson with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP]]
[[File:M1928-A1 T.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine and early 'simplified' rear sight that would be adopted for the M1 Thompson - .45 ACP]]
[[File:M1928A1 Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine - .45 ACP. This specimen has the sling swivel relocated to the top of the stock, a modification often made to Thompsons in British service.]]
[[File:M1928A1Drum.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP]]
[[Image:M1921AC.jpg|thumb|400px|right|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine - .45ACP]]
The Model 1928 was more of an modified version rather than an upgrade. They are visually the same as the M1921 except they were outfitted with heavy actuators and smaller less powerful recoil springs to reduce the rate of fire. The earliest of these were converted M1921 Thompson receivers that were merely re-stamped "1928" over the original markings (hence the terminology "overstamp"). The M1928A1 was the military contract version of this weapon in 1928. It had a more crude military grade blued finish, a heavier actuator and the vertical foregrip was replaced with a horizontal handguard.
The Model 1928 was more of a modified version rather than an upgrade. They are visually the same as the M1921 except they were outfitted with heavy actuators and smaller less powerful recoil springs to reduce the rate of fire. The earliest of these were converted M1921 Thompson receivers that were merely re-stamped with an "8" over the last "1" in the original markings (hence the terminology "overstamp").
[[Image:M1928.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928 "Tommy Gun" or "Chicago typewriter" with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP, made famous through countless classic gangster movies.]]
The M1928A1 was the military contract version of this weapon from 1938. It had a more crude military grade blued finish, a heavier actuator and the vertical foregrip was replaced with a horizontal handguard. Military buttstocks often received a reinforcing bolt. The British often moved the sling swivel to the top of the stock. Late wartime M1928A1s also received a number of simplifications, such as non-adjustable "L"-style sights, smooth barrels, and the absence of compensators (these features can be found in different combinations), before production switched to an even more simplified M1, which borrowed these peculiarities.
[[Image:M1928-A1 T.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine and early 'simplified' rear sight that would be adopted for the M1 Thompson - .45 ACP]]
[[File:M1928A1 Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine - .45 ACP ]]
The M1928 is the variant most commonly associated with twenties gangsters, made famous through countless classic gangster movies. Nicknames such as "Tommy Gun" or "Chicago typewriter" were created as a result of the weapon's fame.
| ''[[Air Force]]'' ||||United States Marines||M1928A1||1943
|-
|-
| [[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]] || || Soviet soldiers || M1928A1 || 2008
| ''[[Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The|The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]]'' || || British Infantrymen || M1928A1 || 1943
|-
|-
| [[Miracle at St. Anna]] || [[Derek Luke]] || Staff Sgt. Aubrey Stamps || M1928A1 || 2008
| ''[[Went the Day Well?]]'' || || German Paratroopers || M1928A1 || 1943
|-
|-
| [[Miracle at St. Anna]] || [[Michael Ealy]] || Sgt. Bishop Cummings || M1928A1 || 2008
| rowspan=2|''[[Guadalcanal Diary]]'' || || Marines and Japanese || rowspan=2|M1928A1 || rowspan=2|1943
|-
|-
| [[Miracle at St. Anna]] || [[Laz Alonzo]] || Cpl. Hector Negron || M1928A1 || 2008
| [[Richard Conte]] || Captain Davis
|-
|-
| [[Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, The|The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor]] || [[Brendan Fraser]] || Rick O'Connell || w/ 20-rd box and 50-rd drum magazines || 2008
| ''[[I Am Cuba (Soy Cuba)]]'' || || Cuban police and guerrillas || || 1964
|-
|-
| [[A Walk In The Sun]] || . || Soldiers || M1A1 / M1928A1 || 1948
| ''[[The Heroes of Telemark]]''||[[Richard Harris]]||Knut Straud||||1965
|-
|-
| [[Out of the Past]] ||. || Police Officer || M1928A1 || 1947
| ''[[Cast a Giant Shadow]]'' || [[Kirk Douglas]] || "Mickey" Marcus || || 1966
|-
|-
| [[Story of G.I. Joe, The|The Story of G.I. Joe]] || [[Robert Mitchum]] || Lt. Bill Walker || M1928A1 || 1945
| ''[[So Darling So Deadly]]'' || || A henchwoman || With foregrip and stick magazine || 1966
|-
|-
| [[Story of G.I. Joe, The|The Story of G.I. Joe]] || [[Freddie Steele]] || Sgt. Steve Warniki || M1928A1 || 1945
| rowspan=4| ''[[What Did You Do in the War, Daddy?]]'' || [[James Coburn]] || Lt. Christian || rowspan=4| 1928A1, no cooling fins on barrel || rowspan=4| 1966
|-
|-
| [[Life and Death of Colonel Blimp, The|The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp]] ||.|| British Infantrymen || M1928A1 || 1943
| [[Aldo Ray]] || Sgt. Rizzo
|-
| [[William Bryant]] || Minow
|-
| || US Army soldiers
|-
| ''[[How I Won the War]]'' || || British (Canadian) soldiers || Only a picture on a bubble gum/cigarette card || 1967
|-
|rowspan=2|''[[St. Valentine's Day Massacre, The|The St. Valentine's Day Massacre]]''||[[David Canary]]||Frank Gusenberg|| rowspan=2| || rowspan=2|1967
| rowspan=4|''[[The Hijacking of Savoy (Pokhishchenie Savoi)]]'' || [[Aleksandr Mikhajlov]] || Gido Torstensen || rowspan=4|Converted to 7.62x25 blanks with MP40 magazine || rowspan=4|1979
|-
| Antoni Jurasz || Prof. Stanislaw Werzanski
|-
| [[Mikhail Gluzsky]] || Heinrich Scharf
|-
| || Scharf's henchmen, Brazilian police
|-
| rowspan=4|''[[Pirates of the XXth Century (Piraty XX veka)]]''|| [[Nikolai Yeryomenko, Jr.]] || Sergey Sergeevich || rowspan=4|Converted to 7.62x25 blanks with MP40 magazine || rowspan=4|1979
|-
| [[Talgat Nigmatulin]] || Salekh
|-
| [[Georgiy Martirosyan]] || Klyuev
|-
| || Pirates
|-
| ''[[Big Red One, The|The Big Red One]]'' || || || M1928A1 || 1980
|-
|''[[The Outsider (1980)|The Outsider]]'' || || IRA Gunmen || ||1980
| ''[[Max Manus: Man of War]]'' || [[Knut Joner]] || Gunnar Sønsteby || || 2008
|-
| ''[[Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull]]'' || || Soviet soldiers || M1928A1 || 2008
|-
| rowspan=4|''[[Miracle at St. Anna]]'' || [[Derek Luke]] || Staff Sgt. Aubrey Stamps || rowspan=4|M1928A1 || rowspan=4|2008
|-
| [[Michael Ealy]] || Sgt. Bishop Cummings
|-
| [[Laz Alonso]] || Cpl. Hector Negron
|-
| || US Army soldiers
|-
| ''[[Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, The|The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor]]'' || [[Brendan Fraser]] || Rick O'Connell || w/ 20-rd box and 50-rd drum magazines || 2008
|-
| ''[[Red and White (Merah Putih)]]'' || [[Lukman Sardi]] || Amir || M1928A1|| 2009
|''[[Man in the High Castle, The - Season 4|The Man in the High Castle]]''||||American Resistance Fighters||||2019
|-
|-
| [[Star Trek: Voyager]] / The Killing Game ||[[Tim Russ]] || Tuvok || M1928A1 || 1995 - 2001
|''[[Man in the High Castle, The - Season 4|The Man in the High Castle]]''||[[Jason O'Mara]]||Wyatt Price||||2019
|-
|-
| [[Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman]] / That Old Gang of Mine || || Gangsters || w/ 50-rd drum magazine || 1993 - 1997
| rowspan=2|''[[Babylon Berlin - Season 3]]'' || [[Misel Maticevic]] || Edgar Kasabian || rowspan=2| Ep. 28 || rowspan=2|2020
|-
|-
| [[Star Trek: The Next Generation]] / Manhunt || || Holographic gangster || || 1987 - 1994
| [[Ronald Zehrfeld]] || Walter Weintraub
|-
|-
| [[Star Trek (Original Series)|Star Trek]] / A Piece of the Action ||[[William Shatner]] || Captain James T. Kirk || w/ 50-rd drum magazines || 1966 - 1969
| ''[[The Defeated]]'' || || American, British and French soldiers || with 30-round magazine || 2020
|-
|-
| [[Star Trek (Original Series)|Star Trek]] / A Piece of the Action ||[[Leonard Nimoy]] || Lt. Cmdr Spock || w/ 50-rd drum magazines || 1966 - 1969
| rowspan=2|''[[Babylon Berlin - Season 4]]'' || [[Misel Maticevic]] || Edgar Kasabian || Ep. 38 || rowspan=2|2022
|-
|-
| [[Star Trek (Original Series)|Star Trek]] / A Piece of the Action ||[[DeForest Kelley]] || Dr. Leonard H. McCoy || w/ 50-rd drum magazines || 1966 - 1969
| || Gangsters ||
|-
|-
| [[Star Trek (Original Series)|Star Trek]] / A Piece of the Action || || Sigma Iotia II natives || w/ 50-rd drum magazines || 1966 - 1969
|rowspan=2|''[[The Walking Dead: Daryl Dixon - Season 1]]'' |||| ||seen in armory; "L'ame Perdue" (S1E01) || rowspan=2|2023
|-
|-
| [[Combat!]] || || U.S. Army soldiers || M1928A1 || 1962 - 1967
| || ''Demimonde'' Club Guard||w/drum magazine; "La Dame de Fer" (S1E04)
| [[Batman: The Brave and the Bold]] || || Villians || Seen in the hands of villians in many episodes. ||2008 - Present
|}
|}
<br clear=all>
<br clear=all>
Line 451:
Line 1,364:
==M1 Thompson==
==M1 Thompson==
[[Image:M1Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1 Thompson with 20-round magazine - .45 ACP]]
[[Image:M1Thompson.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1 Thompson with 20-round magazine - .45 ACP]]
The M1/M1A1 were versions of the M1928A1 Thompson that were streamlined and simplified for manufacture during World War 2. Features include a non-finned barrel, simple fixed "L" style sights, no Cutts Compensators, and elimination of the knurling on actuators and fire select levers in later models. The bolt actuator was also moved from the top to the right side of the receiver, with some models having the actuator on either left or right side. Also there are examples that were parkerized rather than blued that ended up in the hands of U.S. Soldiers.
[[File:M1Thompson SMG with sling.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1 Thompson with 30-round magazine - .45 ACP]]
The older style M1 Thompson had a more complex bolt design with a separate firing pin later simplified in the M1A1 Thompson which had the firing pin machined into the face of the bolt. The early M1 model rear "L type" sight was prone to bend if the weapon was dropped or dig into the Soldier when in cramped conditions, so later models added "ears" to protect it. The M1/M1A1 Thompson's could not accept the 50/100 round drum magazines used on the M1921/M1928A1 models so were limited to 20-round and 30-round box magazines.
The M1/M1A1 were versions of the M1928A1 Thompson that were streamlined and simplified for manufacture during World War 2, first adopted in April 1942. Features include a non-finned barrel, simple fixed "L" style sights, no Cutts Compensators, and elimination of the knurling on actuators and fire select levers in later models. The bolt and receiver were simplified to eliminate the Blish lock "H" piece. The bolt actuator was also moved from the top to the right side of the receiver. Also there are examples that were parkerized rather than blued that ended up in the hands of U.S. Soldiers.
The older style M1 Thompson had a more complex bolt design with a separate firing pin later simplified in the M1A1 Thompson which had the firing pin machined into the face of the bolt. The early M1 model rear "L type" sight was prone to bend if the weapon was dropped or dig into the soldier when in cramped conditions, so later models added triangular "ears" to protect it. The M1/M1A1 Thompson's could not accept the 50/100 round drum magazines used on the M1921/M1928(A1) models so were limited to 20-round and 30-round box magazines, because the cutouts for drum installation were removed during the simplification, since the military in practice were disappointed with them (while gun can still be modified to load with drums, as seen in a number of post-war French and Italian films).
| ''[[Fantômas se déchaîne]]''|| || Bodyguard of Fantômas || With vertical foregrip and Cutts compensator || 1965
|-
| ''[[A Matter of Resistance]]'' || || US paratroopers || || 1966
|-
| ''[[Poppies Are Also Flowers]]'' || || Colonel Salem's men || || 1966
|-
| ''[[Let's Not Get Angry (Ne nous fâchons pas)]]'' || || The Colonel's henchmen || With stick and drum magazines, some with foregrip || 1966
|-
| ''[[Is Paris Burning?]]'' || || Free French Forces soldiers || || 1966
|-
| ''[[The Last Adventure]]''|| || Mercenaries || ||1967
|-
| ''[[Fantômas contre Scotland Yard]]''|| || British policemen || ||1967
|-
| ''[[Action Man (Le soleil des voyous)]]'' || || US Army soldiers || || 1967
|-
| rowspan=4| ''[[The Biggest Bundle of Them All]]'' || [[Robert Wagner]] || Harry Price || || rowspan=4| 1968
|-
| [[Godfrey Cambridge]] || Benny Brownstead ||
|-
| [[Davy Kaye]] || Davey Collins ||
|-
| [[Francesco Mulè]] || Antonio Tozzi ||
|-
| rowspan=2|''[[Violent Four, The (Banditi a Milano)|The Violent Four (Banditi a Milano)]]''|| [[Gian Maria Volonté]] || Pietro 'Piero' Cavallero || rowspan=2| || rowspan=2|1968
|-
| [[Tomas Milian]] || Commissioner Basevi
|-
| ''[[Diabolik]]'' || Various || Police officers || || 1968
|-
| ''[[Don't Take God's Children for Wild Geese (Faut pas prendre les enfants du bon Dieu pour des canards sauvages)|Don't Take God's Children for Wild Geese]]'' || || Charles' henchman || With drum magazine || 1968
|-
| rowspan=2|''[[The Vulture (Le Rapace)]]'' || Xavier Marc || Chico || rowspan=2|With 50-round drum and foregrip || rowspan=2|1968
|-
| Augusto Benedico || Calvez
|-
| ''[[Mr. Freedom]]'' || John Abbey || Mr. Freedom || ||1969
| rowspan="7" | ''[[What If...? - Season 1]]'' || [[Hayley Atwell]] || Peggy Carter/Captain Carter|| rowspan="7" | "What If... Captain Carter Were The First Avenger?" (S1E01)|| rowspan="7" | 2021
|-
| [[Sebastian Stan]] ||Bucky Barnes
|-
| None ||Gabe Jones
|-
| None ||James Montgomery Falsworth
|-
| None ||Jacques Dernier
|-
| [[Neal McDonough]] ||Timothy "Dum Dum" Dugan
|-
| None ||Jim Morita
|}
<br clear=all>
<br clear=all>
==Auto Ordnance M1927 Thompson==
==Auto Ordnance M1927 Thompson==
[[Image:M1927AutoOrd.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1927 Thompson Auto-Ordnance with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP]]
[[Image:M1927AutoOrd.jpg|thumb|right|400px|M1927 Thompson Auto-Ordnance with 50-round drum magazine - .45 ACP]]
[[File:M1927AutoOrd Black.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Auto Ordnance Thompson Model 1927A1 Deluxe Commando with 30-round stick magazine and black synthetic furniture - .45 ACP]]
The modern 1927 model was introduced by Auto Ordnance in the 1970s, capitalizing on the popularity of the submachine gun and satisfying the desire for a legal version by implementing a semi-automatic version with a longer barrel but the general appearance of the full-automatic versions. (Not to be confused with the original Model 1927 Thompsons which were made from Model 1921 with the selector disabled.)
The Thompson Light Rifle was Auto Ordnance's entry in the Light Rifle program (which resulted in the adoption of the [[M1 Carbine]]), being chambered in .30 Carbine but otherwise mostly the same as the standard .45 ACP version. Almost immediately, the Thompson Light Rifle was rejected for being five pounds too heavy. The weapon never left the prototype stage.
[[File:BSA Thompson Model 1926.jpg|thumb|right|400px|BSA Thompson Model 1926 - 9x19mm]]
[[File:BSA Thompson Model 1929.jpg|thumb|right|400px|BSA Thompson Model 1929 - .45 ACP. (11.43x23mm)]]
In 1925 Auto-Ordnance Company signed a license agreement with British gun manufacturer Birmingham Small Arms (BSA). BSA Model 1926 was chambered in 9x19mm and used the standard Thompson mechanism including the Blish lock combined with a traditional rifle stock. The tests of the submachine gun were not successful, so some changes were made, resulting in the Model 1929. This version has ribbed barrel and was fitted with Cutts compensator and Lyman rear sight. Model 1929 was made in 9x23mm Bergmann, 9x19mm Parabellum, .45 ACP, and 7.63x25mm Mauser. As with Model 1926, Model 1929 also did not arouse interest among potential users. It is estimated that only 10-15 BSA Thompsons were made in total.
Due to the popularity and iconic nature of the Thompson, there were a large number of "lookalike" weapons made by various companies. These have the general outline of a Thompson, but are completely different weapons usually of inferior quality and intended for civilian sale. They are normally chambered in .45 ACP to emulate the original, but some models can be found chambered in 9x19mm.
*The '''Ingram Model 6''' was a low cost alternative of the Thompson intended for law enforcement use. It can most easily be distinguished from the the Thompson by the design of the trigger group and the design of the wooden stock, and that overall it looks like an M3 Grease Gun with Thompson furniture haphazardly grafted onto it.[[File:Ingram m-6.jpg|thumb|400px|none|Ingram Model 6 SMG - .45 ACP]]
*The '''[[Spitfire Carbine]]''' is a civilian semi-automatic carbine which emulates the look of the Thompson and is one in a line of very similar weapons made by different manufacturers all based on one another. Although it has a 16" barrel as standard it can be found with a shortened barrel and converted to full-automatic. Note the tubular receiver and the fact that the "cooling fins" on the barrel are purely cosmetic and are part of the forward grip rather than the barrel itself.[[File:Spitfire Carbine.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Spitfire Carbine - .45 ACP]]
The 1927 model was introduced by Auto Ordnance, capitalizing on the popularity of the sub-machine gun and satisfying the desire for a legal version by implementing a semi-automatic version with a longer barrel but the general appearance of the full-automatic versions.
*The original '''Volunteer Carbine''' was essentially a clone of the Spitfire but fitted with a straight wood handguard rather than a vertical grip. However, Volunteer Enterprises soon produced a version known as the '''Commando Mark III''' was a much closer match for the Thompson in that it had a more correct square receiver. The most obvious distinguishing features of the Commando Mark II from a genuine Thompson are the magazine well, the fact that the charging handle is on the left side of the gun, and the shape of the rear sight wings. It can be found with both a straight wood handguard or a vertical grip.[[File:Volunteer enterprises Commando III.jpg|thumb|400px|none|Volunteer Enterprises Commando Mark III - .45 ACP]]
<Br Clear=All>
=See Also=
* [[Colt's Manufacturing Company]] - A list of all firearms manufactured by Colt.
The legendary Thompson Submachine Gun is an American SMG developed in the late 1910s by General John T Thompson. Initially envisioning an "auto rifle" to replace bolt-action rifles in American service while using an operating system less expensive than recoil or gas, Thompson acquired a patent issued to John Bell Blish for what turned out to be a friction-delayed blowback action. However, since the only cartridge in US military service that would work with the Blish action was the .45 ACP pistol round, Thompson changed his goal to a "one-man, hand-held machine gun," imagining it being used as a "trench broom."
The earliest design from 1917 was a bizarre belt-fed weapon called the "Persuader." This morphed into the magazine-fed "Annihilator" in 1918-1919, which boasted a staggering fire rate of up to 1,500 RPM, rendering the weapon virtually uncontrollable in fullauto. A pattern gun with no stock or sights was presented to Colt later on in 1919 to be redesigned for production. This became the M1921 and was marketed as a "submachine gun:" while not the first weapon of the type, it was the first to actually use the name.
The Thompson is inescapably associated with gangsters during America's prohibition era as "the gun that made the twenties roar," though this is largely a media myth: the gun was far too expensive for an average thug (costing $200 with a single 20-round magazine, equivalent to about $2,800 in modern money) as well as heavy and hard to conceal, and the most common weapons for such criminals were revolvers or sawed-off shotguns. The Thompson's infamy instead stems from a few high-profile users such as John Dillinger, George "Machine Gun" Kelly and especially Al Capone. Ironically, it was originally only intended for military and police use only and was marketed as "The gun that safeguards the innocent!", and providing a level of firepower that would send cowardly criminals running for cover. Considering that a fully automatic weapon with a good amount of recoil isn't exactly the safest way to ensure no innocent bystanders are hurt, it didn't take off in this role and eventually hit the civilian market.
Note: The M1921 Thompson and the M1928 Thompson are nearly identical from a distance. The M1921 has a very fine high blued polish finish and has a very fast rate of fire (faster than an Uzi but slower than a MAC-10). The M1928 has a more matte blued finish (or a black paint finish) and it has a much slower rate of fire (like an M3 Grease Gun). Since sound effects are so often 'foleyed' after the fact and since sound engineers can place the wrong sound effect for a gun, one can never be 100% sure of the fire rate of a weapon. However, if the rate of fire seems fast or the gun is obviously a high polished blued finish, then the weapon should go into the M1921 Category, not the M1928.
The Thompson submachine gun, or "Tommy Gun", has appeared in the following films, television series, anime, and video games used by the following actors:
M1919 prototypes: (1919 - 1920)
Serial production: (1921 - Present)
Type: Submachine gun
Caliber: .45 ACP
Capacity: 20, 30 round straight box magazine, 50, 100 round drum magazine (not compatible with M1 or M1A1), belt feed ("Persuader" prototype)
Fire Modes: Semi-auto / full-auto (600-725 RPM, 1,500 RPM on "Annihilator I" prototype and 800 on "Annihilator II")
M1919 Thompson
Error creating thumbnail: File missingM1918/1919 Thompson "Annihilator I" (serial number one) with 20-round magazine - .45 ACP (colorized photo). Originally built as belt-feed in 1918, it received an adapter towards the end of the year to use the new box magazines.Error creating thumbnail: File missingM1919 Thompson serial number 17 as it appears in early sales literature, with 50-round drum magazine (20-round box and 100-round drum beside) - .45 ACP
The M1919 is a family of various Thompson submachine gun prototypes, all slightly different from each other. Around 40 prototypes were believed to have been made, and only 11 exist today. The earliest M1919 Thompsons (after the "Persuader" prototype) are also known as "Annihilators". The earliest Annihilator I needed an adaptor to use straight magazines.
The SMGs appear in various configurations, with different attachments, and some lacking sights and buttstocks.
Contrary to popular myth, the "Annihilators" were never intended to be shipped to WWI-time Europe, because there was only one example of the Annihilator in 1918, and was still testing its magazine feed system at the time. With a few exceptions, Auto-Ordnance only began attempting to market their weapons later in 1920, to the Polish and anti-Bolshevik forces at war at the time, but intense hostilities will interrupt these plans. The "WWI-myth" itself stems from the 1921 confiscation of a M1921 batch destined for the RIA from the New York docks.
The M1921 is the original production version of the Thompson Submachine Gun, as manufactured by Colt Firearms in 1921 under contract from Auto-Ordnance. The M1921 is of the highest quality, fit, and along with a high polish blued finish, more like high a grade sporting arm, than a military weapon. Standard features of the M1921 are the finned barrels, some sent with Cutts compensators, knurled lightweight bolt handles, Lyman Model 55B adjustable rear sights, push button detachable butt stocks, vertical fore grips and checkered fire control levers.
The Model 1928 was more of a modified version rather than an upgrade. They are visually the same as the M1921 except they were outfitted with heavy actuators and smaller less powerful recoil springs to reduce the rate of fire. The earliest of these were converted M1921 Thompson receivers that were merely re-stamped with an "8" over the last "1" in the original markings (hence the terminology "overstamp").
The M1928A1 was the military contract version of this weapon from 1938. It had a more crude military grade blued finish, a heavier actuator and the vertical foregrip was replaced with a horizontal handguard. Military buttstocks often received a reinforcing bolt. The British often moved the sling swivel to the top of the stock. Late wartime M1928A1s also received a number of simplifications, such as non-adjustable "L"-style sights, smooth barrels, and the absence of compensators (these features can be found in different combinations), before production switched to an even more simplified M1, which borrowed these peculiarities.
The M1928 is the variant most commonly associated with twenties gangsters, made famous through countless classic gangster movies. Nicknames such as "Tommy Gun" or "Chicago typewriter" were created as a result of the weapon's fame.
The M1/M1A1 were versions of the M1928A1 Thompson that were streamlined and simplified for manufacture during World War 2, first adopted in April 1942. Features include a non-finned barrel, simple fixed "L" style sights, no Cutts Compensators, and elimination of the knurling on actuators and fire select levers in later models. The bolt and receiver were simplified to eliminate the Blish lock "H" piece. The bolt actuator was also moved from the top to the right side of the receiver. Also there are examples that were parkerized rather than blued that ended up in the hands of U.S. Soldiers.
The older style M1 Thompson had a more complex bolt design with a separate firing pin later simplified in the M1A1 Thompson which had the firing pin machined into the face of the bolt. The early M1 model rear "L type" sight was prone to bend if the weapon was dropped or dig into the soldier when in cramped conditions, so later models added triangular "ears" to protect it. The M1/M1A1 Thompson's could not accept the 50/100 round drum magazines used on the M1921/M1928(A1) models so were limited to 20-round and 30-round box magazines, because the cutouts for drum installation were removed during the simplification, since the military in practice were disappointed with them (while gun can still be modified to load with drums, as seen in a number of post-war French and Italian films).
The modern 1927 model was introduced by Auto Ordnance in the 1970s, capitalizing on the popularity of the submachine gun and satisfying the desire for a legal version by implementing a semi-automatic version with a longer barrel but the general appearance of the full-automatic versions. (Not to be confused with the original Model 1927 Thompsons which were made from Model 1921 with the selector disabled.)
The Thompson Light Rifle was Auto Ordnance's entry in the Light Rifle program (which resulted in the adoption of the M1 Carbine), being chambered in .30 Carbine but otherwise mostly the same as the standard .45 ACP version. Almost immediately, the Thompson Light Rifle was rejected for being five pounds too heavy. The weapon never left the prototype stage.
Specifications
(1941 - prototype only)
Type: Assault rifle, Carbine
Caliber: .30 Carbine (7.62x33mm)
Barrel length: 15.9 in (40.5 cm)
Length: 33 in (83.8 cm)
Feed System: 20 / 30-round box magazine
Rate of Fire: 600 - 1200rpm
The Thompson Light Rifle and variants can be seen in the following films, television series, video games, and anime used by the following actors:
In 1925 Auto-Ordnance Company signed a license agreement with British gun manufacturer Birmingham Small Arms (BSA). BSA Model 1926 was chambered in 9x19mm and used the standard Thompson mechanism including the Blish lock combined with a traditional rifle stock. The tests of the submachine gun were not successful, so some changes were made, resulting in the Model 1929. This version has ribbed barrel and was fitted with Cutts compensator and Lyman rear sight. Model 1929 was made in 9x23mm Bergmann, 9x19mm Parabellum, .45 ACP, and 7.63x25mm Mauser. As with Model 1926, Model 1929 also did not arouse interest among potential users. It is estimated that only 10-15 BSA Thompsons were made in total.
Due to the popularity and iconic nature of the Thompson, there were a large number of "lookalike" weapons made by various companies. These have the general outline of a Thompson, but are completely different weapons usually of inferior quality and intended for civilian sale. They are normally chambered in .45 ACP to emulate the original, but some models can be found chambered in 9x19mm.
The Ingram Model 6 was a low cost alternative of the Thompson intended for law enforcement use. It can most easily be distinguished from the the Thompson by the design of the trigger group and the design of the wooden stock, and that overall it looks like an M3 Grease Gun with Thompson furniture haphazardly grafted onto it.Error creating thumbnail: File missingIngram Model 6 SMG - .45 ACP
The Spitfire Carbine is a civilian semi-automatic carbine which emulates the look of the Thompson and is one in a line of very similar weapons made by different manufacturers all based on one another. Although it has a 16" barrel as standard it can be found with a shortened barrel and converted to full-automatic. Note the tubular receiver and the fact that the "cooling fins" on the barrel are purely cosmetic and are part of the forward grip rather than the barrel itself.Error creating thumbnail: File missingSpitfire Carbine - .45 ACP
The original Volunteer Carbine was essentially a clone of the Spitfire but fitted with a straight wood handguard rather than a vertical grip. However, Volunteer Enterprises soon produced a version known as the Commando Mark III was a much closer match for the Thompson in that it had a more correct square receiver. The most obvious distinguishing features of the Commando Mark II from a genuine Thompson are the magazine well, the fact that the charging handle is on the left side of the gun, and the shape of the rear sight wings. It can be found with both a straight wood handguard or a vertical grip.Error creating thumbnail: File missingVolunteer Enterprises Commando Mark III - .45 ACP
