The Colt New Army & Navy and its military variants, the M1889, M1892, M1894, M1895, M1896, M1901, M1903 and M1905, were the first commercial-successful large-caliber swing-out cylinder revolvers in the United States. They use a counter-clockwise cylinder rotation and lockwork that proved somewhat weak, as well as firing the under-powered .38 Long Colt round in military service. After these issues came to light during the Philippines War (particularly against suicidal juramentados hopped up on drugs and religious fervor) it was replaced in the US military with the Colt M1909 .45 Colt revolver and then the .45 ACP Colt M1911, and on the commercial market with the improved Colt Official Police and Colt Police Positive in .38 Special.