As his primary weapon in the film, a heavily modified version of the Smith & Wesson Model 629 Performance Center is used by Xander Cage (Vin Diesel). In addition to the assortment of non-lethal projectiles it can fire, it is also fitted with a custom muzzle brake, an odd serrated weight under the barrel which seems to be designed more for looks than any conceivable function, Crimson Trace laser sight grips, an unfluted cylinder and a C-More red dot sight.
CZ 83
When Xander and Toby are checking out the high tech gadgets, Toby shows Xander special binoculars which have X-ray capabilities. He uses them to ogle a female Czech police officer (Martina Smuková) on the firing range in her underwear (which must be made of lead, as it remains visible through the X-ray goggles), who is firing a CZ 83 pistol.
Beretta 92FS
During the 'diner' scene, another of the NSA agents posing as a robber threatens Xander with a "cop issue" Beretta 92FS pistol. A 92FS can also be seen in the hands of a Colombian cartel soldier when they capture Xander in Colombia. The diner scene is supposed to show the audience that Xander can tell that the robbery is an act, apparently in his mind Beretta 92s can only be used by cops, excluding the theory that the robber might have stolen it or bought it at a gun shop. Thankfully, he's right.
Vektor CP1
When Xander catches Yelena (Asia Argento) photographing a safe belonging to Yorgi (Marton Csokas), she pulls two Vektor CP1 pistols on him, one with a chrome slide. Xander however is able to almost effortlessly render her unable to harm him with them, much to Yelena's frustration. She later uses them to kill Milan Sova (Richy Müller), shooting him through the door as he's threatening Xander. When Xander asks how she was able to do so without hitting him as well, she claims to have been able to tell where the two were positioned in the room by the sound of their voices.
Heckler & Koch USP Tactical
Yorgi carries a Heckler & Koch USP Tactical fitted with a laser sight as his sidearm throughout the movie. He first pulls it while in a brief standoff with Xander, then again when Xander is making his escape from Yorgi's fortress.
SIG-Sauer P220
A stainless SIG-Sauer P220 pistol is seen several times in the film, first in Xander's shoulder holster on the mountain fitted with finger groove grips.
SIG-Sauer P220 Sport
During the opening scene, Kirill uses a SIG-Sauer P220 Sport fitted with a scope and custom sound suppressor to kill Agent Jim McGrath (Thomas Ian Griffith) in the club and brandishes it several more times throughout the film (without the suppressor), using the weapon like a miniature sniper rifle. Kirill hands the pistol to Yorgi at one point when he's about to kill Xander and Yelena, but is stopped by the arrival of the Czech police as they begin their raid, instead using the pistol in a brief shootout with the protagonists before fleeing to launch Ahab. One can also be seen in the GTO's hidden armoury.
SIG-Sauer P226
When Xander meets Augustus Gibbons (Samuel L. Jackson) at the 'diner' after disarming the 'robbers', he explains how he was able to figure out that the robbery wasn't real, including firing the shotgun he commandeered in the diner, which causes the 'cook' (F. Valentino Morales) to draw his SIG-Sauer P226, despite Xander's gun being loaded with blanks.
Desert Eagle
During the end credits sequence, an unknown woman appears brandishing a nickel plated Desert Eagle, using the gun's reflective finish as a mirror while putting on makeup.
Submachine Guns
Sa vz. 61 Škorpion
During the confrontation in the safe house, Milan Sova (Richy Müller) pulls a Sa vz. 61 Škorpion on Xander when he reveals he's joined forces with Yorgi, though is killed by Yelena before he can use it.
FN P90
Following Xander's escape from Kirill, he sneaks back into Yorgi's fortress to do some recon work, but is caught and engaged in a firefight with Kolya (Petr Jákl) and Viktor while trying to escape, Kolya being armed with an FN P90.
Heckler & Koch UMP
A Heckler & Koch UMP can be seen in the weapons cache that Yelena reveals, although it is not used. Several others can be seen in the hands of the guards around Yorgi's fortress, fitted with RIS foregrips & muzzle brakes, C-More red dot sights, as well as having two magazines strapped together with dual mag clamps or Beta-C style drum magazines.
Heckler & Koch MP5A5
Some of Yorgi's henchman use Heckler & Koch MP5A5 submachine guns fitted with quad rails and forgrips, flash-hiders, and loaded with dual clamped and Beta-C magazines.
Heckler & Koch MP5K
Some of Yorgi's thugs are seen armed with Heckler & Koch MP5K submachine guns.
Steyr TMP
Taken from the hidden weapons cache during the raid on Yorgi's fortress, Yelena uses a Steyr TMP, with a fixed stock added and a top-mounting rail for accessories. Mounted on top of the rail is a C-More sight. Unfortunately the film doesn't show any clear shots of Yelena firing the gun, as she does the classic "Close your eyes, spray and pray" technique which only works well in films.
Colt 9mm SMG (RO635)
While chasing the Ahab drone, Yelena pulls up a weapons cache hidden in the back seat of Xander's GTO, which includes among other weapons, a Colt 9mm SMG (RO635), though the weapon is not used. At least one of the NSA commandos that storms Xander's apartment near the start of the film can also be seen using one of these, fitted with a Surefire M500AB forend weaponlight and C-more red dot sight mounted over the handguard.
Rifles
AKM
Numerous members of the Colombian drug cartel can be seen carrying AKM rifles. Ivan Podrov (Martin Hub) is also seen using an AKM rifle during the assault of the house, his being fitted with a AK-74-style muzzle brake and an RM Equipment M203PI grenade launcher. The AKMs in the film appear to be converted civilian semi-auto only guns made to fire full-auto for the film. The biggest giveaway is how the civilian rifles have only a selector for semi and safe, no middle selector switch for full-auto. These rifles are seen firing full-auto when the selectors are clearly on the semi-auto mode.
AKMSU
Ivan Pedgrag (Radek Tomecka) and most of the Czech police use AKMSU carbines during the assault on Yorgi's fortress.
Armalite AR-10
When looking over the weapons to put in the GTO, two Armalite AR-10 sniper rifles are seen. They clearly have 7.62x51mm-style magazines and receivers to justify this. They are fitted with KAC railed handguards, high-powered scopes, Harris bipods, and aftermarket muzzle-brakes.
M16A1
While only briefly seen, what appears to be an M16A1 is slung over the back of a Colombian narcotics officer when NSA is seen picking up Xander.
M4A1 Carbine
Several of Yorgi's henchmen can be seen using M4A1 Carbines during the film, fitted with Beta-C drum magazines, M68 Aimpoint red dot scopes, and RIS foregrips. Viktor (Jan Pavel Filipensky) also uses one, even turning the weapon against one of his comrades while trying to flee an avalanche. Yorgi himself also uses one when fleeing from his fortress (fitted with a Surefire M900 weaponlight foregrip in place of the standard RIS foregrip), killing one of "The Ivans". NSA commandos at the raid on Xander's apartment and in Colombia can also be seen with M4A1's, outfitted similarly to their Colt 9mm SMG's (RO635).
FN FNC
During the raid on Yorgi's fortress, Xander procures an FN FNC fitted with a folding stock, C-More red dot sight, and Beta-C drum magazine from a hidden weapons cache Yelena reveals. When first using it, he neglectfully forgets to turn the safety off and after Yelena mows down the bad guys, turns it off for him. He later then fires it at Yorgi and fatally wounds him with it. He then hands it off to Shavers when he heads off in pursuit of the Ahab drone.
Heckler & Koch G36K
During the raid on Yorgi's fortress, one of the guards can be briefly seen armed with a Heckler & Koch G36K, fitted with a G36C-type carry handle, Beta-C drum magazine, and C-More red dot sight.
Sniper Rifles
PGM Ultima Ratio Intervention
One of Yorgi's henchmen, a former Soviet Army sniper named Kirill (Werner Daehn) can be seen using an PGM Ultima Ratio sniper rifle fitted with a sound suppressor. He first uses it when attempting to kill Xander when he's having lunch with Yelena (Asia Argento), then again when holding Czech police at bay during the raid on Yorgi's fortress.
Shotguns
Remington 870
During the 'diner' scene, one of the NSA agents posing as a robber brandishes a Remington 870 shotgun with a sawed-off barrel and stock. Xander commandeers the weapon, smacking its owner in the face with it. He later fires the weapon at the specials sign to show that it's loaded with blank rounds.
Machine Guns
FN MAG
Part of the defenses of Yorgi's fortress includes a machine gun nest furnished with an FN MAG machine gun. This nest is destroyed by Ivan Pedgrag during the raid near the end of the film.
M134 Minigun
A GE M134 Minigun is also seen in front of Xander's GTO amongst other weapons and equipment he wants built into his car before the final battle against Anarchy 99.
M61 Vulcan
During the raid on the drug cartel stronghold by the Colombian Army, a Bell 212 helicopter can be seen fitted with a M61 Vulcan. The 20mm blanks used for the Vulcan cost about $1 a round according to the director and that by using real blanks it cost about $2000 per minute to fire the gun.
Nudelman-Rikhter NR-30
Near the end of the film, a pair of Su-22 Fitter fighters are launched by the Czech Air Force to counter the Ahab drone, the Fitters armed with Nudelman-Rikhter NR-30 cannons as secondary armament, but do not use these weapons as Xander takes out the drone before they attack.
Launchers
M72 LAW
One of the weapons in the stockpile Xander wants added to his GTO includes a pair of M72 LAW rocket launchers.
M136 AT4
When looking over the weapons to put in the GTO, an M136 AT4 rocket launcher is seen.
RM Equipment M203PI
During the raid on Yorgi's fortress, Ivan Pedgrag (Radek Tomecka) uses an early model standalone RM Equipment M203PI grenade launcher to take out a machine gun nest. Another one appears mounted on the AKM of the other Ivan via an "Interbar" (these are adapters manufactured by RM Equipment which allow the M203PI to be mounted on various weapons). Another M203PI can be briefly seen mounted on an MP5 seen in the hidden armory that Yelena reveals during the raid.
Camcorder Rocket Launcher
When Yorgi's fortress is raided Xander and the Ivans are pinned down by Kirill's sniping, Xander sees they have a heat-seeking rocket launcher, which he refers to a "Bazooka." This is only really a nickname for WW2 / Korean War-era US rocket launchers, but tends to be used informally by those casually familiar with firearms (such as the character Xander) as a catch-all term for any rocket launcher. According to director Rob Cohen the prop was a mock-up based around a camcorder. The side reads "MRL-12HS," presumably meaning something along the lines of "multiple rocket launcher-12 heat seeking."
Other
Harpoon Gun (mockup)
When Xander is in hot pursuit of Ahab in his Pontiac GTO, he removes a harpoon gun fitted with a C-more red dot sight from a hidden arsenal in the back seat. It appears to be a pistol-gripped Remington 870 shotgun with a heat shield and is heavily dressed up to look like a high tech harpoon grapple gun.
Beeman Model 2261 "Hurricane"
In several scenes, NSA agents can be seen using Beeman Model 2261 "Hurricane" air guns loaded with tranquilizer darts to knock Xander unconscious; first when they raid his apartment, then at the 'diner'. In both instances he's able to pull the dart out just before passing out.