The Luger P08 appears to be the sidearm of choice in this film. All executions by pistol are done with Lugers. The Lugers used had to be flashpaper guns, and were likely retained in later scenes for continuity reasons.
Walther P38
A Walther P38 is only seen in one scene, when Goeth has to dig up and then burn the bodies from the liquidation of the Krakow ghetto. One of his men, Oberscharführer Albert Hujar (Norbert Weisser) who was also a historical figure, is severely affected by the spectacle, screaming and firing into the mass of burning corpses.
CZ 27
During the scene where Goeth tries to execute Rabbi Lewartow for not making enough hinges, his Luger keeps misfiring. Goeth takes out a CZ 27, which will not fire either. He has to settle for pistol whipping the rabbi with the CZ 27.
Unknown revolver
In a quick editing mistake, the CZ27 is exchanged for a large revolver. Goeth drops it on the pavement when he walks away. This handgun is much too big to have come out of Goeth's pocket. It is possible that it is a Nagant M1895.
Submachine Guns
Haenel-Schmeisser MP28/II
A company of Wehrmacht troops is seen marching through Krakow and several NCO's are carrying the Haenel-Schmeisser MP28/II. In 1939 both the Wehrmacht (Regular Army) and the Waffen SS (Armed wing of the Nazi Party) had not yet been fully equipped with the MP28's successors (MP38 and MP40).
MP40
Some of the SS troops executing Jews in the apartment building are using MP40 submachine guns.
Rifles
Karabiner 98k
German troops can be seen with Karabiner 98ks during the cleaning of the ghetto and during the Jews' internment in the Płaszów concentration camp.
Vz. 24
Some of the Germans are seen with VZ-24 Czech Mauser rifles with straight bolt handles instead of K98K, which have bent bolt handles.
Steyr Mannlicher-Schoenauer Sporter
Amon Goeth (Ralph Fiennes) uses a Steyr Mannlicher-Schoenauer fitted with a scope to kill prisoners in the labor camp. Spielberg shot this whole scene, (Goeth without a shirt shooting prisoners in the morning), from the testimonies of living witnesses and a series of photographs of Goeth shirtless with his rifle. The historical photographs, though, shows him with an unscoped regular Karabiner 98k.
Some Gewehr 98s are seen carried by the soldiers of the camp commander SS-Untersturmführer (Second lieutenant) Josef Liepold (Ludger Pistor) at Zwittau-Brünnlitz.
Machine Guns
MG34
An MG34 is seen mounted on a motorcycle sidecar but is never used.
MG42
An anachronistic MG42 makes an appearance. The MG42 was not available in 1939 when the scene takes place. The MG42's first combat experience was in May 1942 in Tunisia against the British.