In 1909, An Jung-geun has a FN Model 1900 to try and assassinate Itō Hirobumi, which he used in real life, as seen below in its box. But when firing, it is switched to an FN Model 1903.
Colt Model 1903
An Jung-geun's FN Model 1900 changes into a Colt Model 1903 when firing.
Browning Hi-Power
In 1909, a Japanese officer uses a Browning Hi-Power to shoot An Jung-geun, preventing the assassination of Itō Hirobumi, changing history. The Hi-Power, being introduced in 1935, shouldn't have existed in 1909. However, since it is later revealed that this officer was in fact an assassin sent back from 2009, it would explain how he was able to obtain this firearm.
Beretta 92FS
Beretta 92FSs are seen in the hands of Hureisenjin freedom fighters and JBI SWAT officers. Sakamoto also used one during the later half of the film.
Glock 17
JBI agents Sakamoto (Jang Dong-gun) and Saigo (Toru Nakamura) use Glock 17 pistols as their sidearm. During the raid on the the Inoue Foundation Exhibition, their Glock are equipped with laser aiming devices.
SIG-Sauer P226
SIG-Sauer P226s are seen in the hands of Keijo (the colonial name for Seoul) Prefectural Police officers and JBI agents.
Heckler & Koch USP
Heckler & Koch USPs are seen in the hands of JBI agents during Sakamoto's escape.
The Hureisenjin freedom fighters use the Heckler & Koch MP5A3 as their primary weapon of choice. The 9mm ammo used by these weapons seems to be able to penetrate the Level IIA body armor worn by the JBI SWAT officers.
The M4A1 is the standard weapon for the JBI SWAT assault team. The M4s in this film are fitted with a variety of attachments, such as scope, rails, forward handgrips. Almost all M4s used by the JBI SWAT team have tactical lights and laser aiming devices attached to them.
It is interesting to note that all JBI SWAT officers in the film are shown to display great firearm discipline, firing only in semi-automatic, sometimes in rapid succession. However, when the script deemed it necessary for them to die pointlessly, all tactics and training are out the window and JBI SWAT officers are shown blindly charging into the Hureisenjin's line of fire, without even having their weapons in the ready position.
Shotguns
Remington Model 870
A Remington Model 870 is used by one of the JBI SWAT officers that places the breaching charge on the front gate of the Inoue Foundation.
Franchi SPAS-12
The Franchi SPAS-12 is the tactical shotgun of choice for the JBI SWAT team. Both the fixed stock version and the folding stock version are seen, some fitted with tactical lights. One of the SPAS-12s is loaded with breaching rounds, used to breach the locked door at the Inoue Foundation.
Machine Guns
M60
A heavily modified M60 machine gun was carried by one of the Hureisenjin during the incident at the Inoue Foundation. A digital ammo counter is installed in front of the ejection port.
Launchers
M203 Grenade Launcher
Several M203 grenade launchers are used by the JBI SWAT team to breach the Hureisenjin hideout.
FIM-92 Stinger
Hureisenjin fighters use FIM-92 Stinger missiles to attack the Inoue Foundation convoy carrying historical artifacts, and later use it on the protagonists' car. It's used improperly since the Stinger is supposed to be an anti-aircraft missile launcher. It is also just a spent tube with no gripstock assembly.