Season 2 of For All Mankind takes place in 1983, approximately a decade after the finale of Season 1. The United States has maintained Jamestown, the first lunar colony, for ten years. Technological development bought about by NASA's research for lunar missions has resulted in an alternate vision of the 1980s with more advanced technology than what was available in the real-life early 80s being commonplace. However, the Soviet Union also possesses a lunar outpost, Zvezda, not too far from Jamestown and is aggressively expanding their operations on the Moon. Tensions on the Moon between the two superpowers begin to rise, mirroring the ongoing Cold War tensions on Earth.
The following weapons were used in Season 2 of the television series For All Mankind:
When Ed Baldwin (Joel Kinnaman) visits Molly Cobb (Sonya Walger) at her home in "Pathfinder" (S2E04), a holstered Smith & Wesson Model 19 is seen hanging next to her bathtub.
Colt M1911A1
The crew of the next-generation NASA space shuttle Pathfinder are provided Colt M1911A1 pistols as part of their survival kits. When questioning why they are being given pistols, the astronauts are told that they are to be used in the event the shuttle lands in hostile territory and that Soviet cosmonauts have been provided firearms for decades. In reality, Soviet cosmonauts were indeed routinely provided Makarov PM pistols in their survival kits and later, the specially-designed TP-82 survival pistol.
AKM
In "Best-Laid Plans" (S2E06), Soviet troops are seen holding AKM assault rifles when American astronauts arrive at Star City, a cosmonaut training facility in Russia.
AK-47
The Soviet cosmonauts who assault Jamestown in "Triage" (S2E09) and "The Grey" (S2E10) are armed with AK-type rifles. These rifles lack the ribbed dust cover and slanted muzzle brake of the AKM and are fitted with the side-folding wire stock seen on East German and Romanian AKs.
M16 hybrid
When the Soviet cosmonauts on the Moon begin encroaching on sites of valuable resources discovered by the Americans, the decision is made to bring firearms to the Moon to arm the Jamestown astronauts. They are provided hybrid M16 rifles, first seen in "The Weight" (S2E05). The rifles appear to consist of A1 uppers, A2 lowers, handguards, barrels and flash hiders, along with anachronistic modified collapsible LE-style M4 stocks - the earlier XM177 collapsible stock would be a bit more period correct.
M1 Garand
Honor guards fire a salute during a funeral in "The Grey" (S2E10). While the rifles they use are seen only very briefly and at a distance, based on the context and the fact they fire semi-automatically, it can be assumed they are M1 Garands.
In the beginning of "Every Little Thing" (S2E01), a montage of newspaper headlines depicts several alternate history events in For All Mankind's timeline. In one photograph, an assassin is seen with a Port Said submachine gun, an Egyptian licensed copy of the Carl Gustav M/45.
Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23
A Sukhoi Su-15 interceptor aircraft destroys a Korean Airlines Boeing 747 in "Don't be Cruel" (S2E07), a portrayal of the real-life Korean Air Lines Flight 007 shootdown that occurred on September 1, 1983. Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23L autocannons can be seen in gunpods affixed under the fuselage.