The Pedersen rifle, officially known as the T1E3 rifle, was a US semi-automatic rifle developed in 1920s by John Pedersen. It was the primary competitor to the M1 Garand for the first US military self-loading rifle. The Pedersen rifle uses the Luger toggle action. Its numerous flaws, such as requiring lubricated ammo, having more parts, and being heavier than the Garand, made it lose out against the M1 Garand rifle.