Second generation Glock 17 pistols are used by the members of the FBI, most notably Charlie Francis (Kirk Acevedo). Francis demonstrates truly poor weapon handling at one point, positioning the thumb of his left hand on top of the slide. Throughout Season 1, Agent Dunham (Anna Torv)'s Glock 26 changes into a Glock 17, usually when it's about to be fired.
Glock 19
A Glock 19 is Phillip Broyles (Lance Reddick) sidearm, although he rarely uses it. It is also seen very briefly in the hands of NYPD in one episode, and by Mitchell Lobe (Chance Kelley) before he is disarmed and taken into custody.
Glock 26
Olivia Dunham's (Anna Torv) sidearm is a sub-compact Glock 26, 9mm. The same sidearm is also used by Nick Lane, who was part of the same program as Dunham, likely prompting use of the same firearm. Agent Dunham's Glock 26 is borrowed once by Peter Bishop, who doesn't carry a gun himself.
SIG-Sauer P229R
A two tone SIG P229 with accessory rails and a suppressor is used in the attempted assassination of Nina.
Desert Eagle
A pair of .50AE Desert Eagles in chrome are requisitioned by Agent Dunham to kill the monster. Walter (John Noble) requests .50 caliber incendiary rounds in order to kill the creature, probably meaning a .50 caliber machine gun. Walter is surprisingly the one to kill the monster with two shots from his Desert Eagle. In the next shot, we can see that the gun has jammed after those two shots. A black Desert Eagle with a suppressor was also used by the assassin sent by the Observers in the episode "August" (S2Ep8).
Kahr K9
Mitchell Lobe (Chance Kelley) uses a black, suppressed Kahr K9 9mm to execute the member of his bank robbery team who gets stuck in the vault; the Kahr is never seen with the slide forward, even when "fired." Mitchell's wife Samantha (Trini Alvarado) retrieves his Kahr K9 in stainless from a closet in order to try to kill Agent Dunham. Mitchell seems to have a thing for the K9.
Smith & Wesson Model 10
The scientist who responds to the silent alarm at the genetics facility is armed with a Smith & Wesson Model 10. A S&W Model 10 HB is used by a store owner in S2Ep7.
Beretta 92FS
A Beretta 92FS was used by a guard at a cryogenics facility in S2Ep4 where it is used to kill a shape shifter. In S2Ep7 a teenage mind controller makes Peter steal a Beretta 92FS from a policeman, then makes him shoot Agent Broyles with it.
Beretta Cougar
Two of these are used by a shape shifter in S2Ep4 to kill the guards at a cryogenics facility. They appear to be Beretta Cougars. These are apparently standard equipment of guards for the mysterious antagonists in the show.
Colt M1911A1
An old-looking Colt M1911A1 is used by a young woman under psychic possession by a Navy Officer. She retrieves it from his house.
Mossberg 500
A Mossberg 500 is seen in the car of the police officer who picks up Teddy in S2Ep12.
Winchester Model 1912
The Sheriff of Edina and his Deputies carry Winchester Model 1912s in S2Ep12. They can be most easily identified by the large ejection port on the right side of the gun.
M4 Carbine
SWAT team members are seen with M4 Carbine rifles as they debark their van before storming a suspected biological laboratory.
Blaser R93 LRS2
What appears to be a Blaser R93 rifle is seen in a publicity photo of John Scott.
Remington 700
A Remington 700 is seen in S2Ep7 used by a SWAT sniper.