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The '''Gatling Gun''' was one of the precursors to the modern machine gun, and the first support weapon to possess a mechanical cycle of function; while previous rapid-fire guns had required multiple barrels to fire multiple shots, Dr. Richard Jordan Gatling's gun instead used a mechanism resembling a rack of bolt-action rifles with their bolts interfacing with cams to operate them as the barrel group was rotated by a hand crank, using a single common feed source. The gun was initially used with paper cartridges in metal chamber sleeves (effectively making the gun an incredibly bizarre revolver), but switched to brass metallic cartridges with their invention.
Many models of Gatling were produced in various calibres, usually with six barrels but some with up to ten.
In the strictest sense Gatling's invention was not a machine gun since it was still completely manually operated, with the [[Maxim]] being the first true machine gun; it is often categorised as one because the effect of the weapon was the same. In the United States, the BATFE has ruled likewise that a crank-operated Gatling Gun is not legally considered a machine gun, since it requires continuous manual actions by the operator in order to fire.
Gatling also experimented with rigging one of his guns to an early electric motor, experiments that would be revitalised during the 1950s with the development of the [[M61 Vulcan]] aircraft cannon.
When Gatling guns were ordered by Tsarist Russia their production was overseen by General Aleksandr Gorloff, the military attaché to the Russian embassy in Washington DC. Gorloff slyly had his own name stamped on the weapons in Cyrillic before they were shipped, leading to some confusion in Russia with nationalists crediting Gorloff as the inventor and referring to the weapons as "Gorloff Guns."
'''Note: This page is reserved for the 19th century models of Gatling Guns build by manufacturers such as Colt. Modern electric driven Gatling-type weapons don't belong here nor should they be linked here.'''
=Specifications=
[[Image:Gatling_gun_1865.jpg|thumb|right|300px|British M1865 Gatling Gun at the Royal Artillery Museum with hopper feed - .58 Rimfire/.50-70 Government]]
[[Image:Gatling.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Colt Gatling Gun with Bruce Feed Guide - .45-70 Government]]
[[Image:Colt1883Gatling.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Colt Model 1883 Gatling Gun with 104-round Accles Drum - .45-70 Government]]
[[File:1877 bulldog gatling gun.jpg|thumb|300px|right|1877 Bulldog Gatling Gun with Bruce Feed Guide - .45-70 Government]]
[[File:45cal-Gatling-Gun-Drum.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Gatling Gun with short Broadwell magazine - .45-70 Government]]
''(1861-1911)''
'''Type:''' Rapid-fire gun
'''Caliber:''' Various, including .30-03, .30-06, .30-40, .45-70, .50-70, .58 Rimfire and 1-inch on naval versions.
'''Capacity:''' Various gravity feeds: manually loaded hopper (M1865), gravity "magazine" with unsprung follower (M1871), Bruce feed guide (M1881), Broadwell Drum (a cylindrical feeding device which was manually rotated to bring stacks of cartridges into position, either a seldom-used 400-round version with 20 20-round stacks or the more common 240-rounder with 20 stacks of 15), 104-round Accles Drum (a feeding system resembling a sideways pan magazine in that it was indexed by the gun's mechanism rather than a spring follower)
'''Fire Modes:''' Manual crank operated, speed depending on operator (usually 200-400 RPM), electrically driven Model 1893 tested at up to 1,500 RPM
'''Crew:''' 4
'''Gatling Guns of multiple manufacturers have been used in the following films:'''
'''Gatling Guns of multiple manufacturers have been used in the following films:'''
[[Image:Gatling_gun_1865.jpg|thumb|right|300px|British M1865 Gatling Gun at the Royal Artillery Museum - .58 Rimfire / .50-70]]
[[Image:Gatling.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Colt Gatling Gun - .45-70]]
'''Note: This page is reserved for the 19th century models of Gatling Guns build by manufacturers such as Colt. Modern electric driven Gatling-type weapons don't belong here nor should they be linked here. See [http://www.imfdb.org/wiki/Category:Multiple_Barrel_Firearm Category:Multiple Barrel Firearm] for a list of specific weapons.'''


== Film ==
== Film ==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
|-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="220"|'''Title'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Title'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="150"|'''Actor'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="150"|'''Actor'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
Line 15: Line 42:
|-
|-
| ''[[Real Glory, The|The Real Glory]]'' ||[[David Niven]] ||Lt. Terence McCool ||Model 1883|| 1939
| ''[[Real Glory, The|The Real Glory]]'' ||[[David Niven]] ||Lt. Terence McCool ||Model 1883|| 1939
|-
| ''[[Gunga Din]]'' || ||British troops ||Model 1883|| 1939
|-
| rowspan=2|''[[Vera Cruz]]'' || | [[Gary Cooper]] || Benjamin Trane || rowspan=2|Model 1883 || rowspan=2|1954
|-
| || Emperor Maximilian's soldiers
|-
|-
| ''[[The War Wagon]]''|| [[Bruce Cabot]] || Frank Pierce || mounted in turret || 1967
| ''[[The War Wagon]]''|| [[Bruce Cabot]] || Frank Pierce || mounted in turret || 1967
|-
|-
| ''[[Good, The Bad, and The Ugly, The|The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly]]'' |||||Union Army |||| 1966
| ''[[Good, The Bad, and The Ugly, The|The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly]]'' |||||Union Army || Model 1865 and 1874, anachronistic || 1966
|-
|-
| ''[[Guns of the Magnificent Seven]]'' || [[Bernie Casey]] || Cassie || 1883 model|| 1969
| ''[[Guns of the Magnificent Seven]]'' || [[Bernie Casey]] || Cassie || 1883 model|| 1969
|-
| ''[[100 Rifles]]'' ||  || Mexican soldiers, Indians ||  || 1969
|-
|-
|''[[Two Mules for Sister Sara]]''||||French Troops |||| 1970
|''[[Two Mules for Sister Sara]]''||||French Troops |||| 1970
|-
|-
| ''[[The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid]]'' ||.||Pinkertons||.|| 1972
| ''There was a crooked man'' || || || || 1970
|-
| ''Something Big'' || || || || 1971
|-
| ''[[Bad Man's River]]'' ||  ||  ||  || 1971
|-
| ''A Reason to Live, A Reason to Die'' || || || || 1972
|-
| ''[[The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid]]'' ||||Pinkertons|||| 1972
|-
|-
|''[[The Outlaw Josey Wales]]'' ||||Union Army |||| 1975
|''[[The Outlaw Josey Wales]]'' ||||Union Army |||| 1975
Line 38: Line 81:
| ''[[Bad Girls]]''|| [[Madeleine Stowe]]|| Cody |||Model 1874|| 1994
| ''[[Bad Girls]]''|| [[Madeleine Stowe]]|| Cody |||Model 1874|| 1994
|-
|-
| ''[[Nostromo]]'' |||||||| 1996
| ''Nostromo'' |||||||| 1996
|-
|-
| ''[[Wild Wild West]]'' ||||||||| 1999
| ''[[Wild Wild West]]'' ||||||||| 1999
Line 56: Line 99:
| ''[[Sherlock Holmes: A Game Of Shadows]]''|| || Meinhard guards||Ammo fed from Broadwell drums|| 2011
| ''[[Sherlock Holmes: A Game Of Shadows]]''|| || Meinhard guards||Ammo fed from Broadwell drums|| 2011
|-
|-
| ''[[Rurouni Kenshin Part I: Origins]]'' || [[Teruyuki Kagawa]] || Kanryuu Takeda || || 2012
|-
| ''[[Rurouni Kenshin: Kyoto Inferno]]'' || [[Ken'ichi Takitô]] || Sadojima Hoji || || 2014
|-
| ''[[The Magnificent Seven (2016)|The Magnificent Seven]] || || || || 2016
|}
|}


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{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
|-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
|-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="220"|'''Title'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Title'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="150"|'''Actor'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="150"|'''Actor'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note/Episode'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Date'''
|-
| ''Black Fox The Price of Peace'' || [[Christopher Reeve]] || Alan Johnson || Mounted on tripod || 1995
|-
| ''[[Rough Riders]]'' ||||U.S Army || Model 1895 || 1997
|-
| ''[[Lock 'n Load With R. Lee Ermey]]''|| Himself||[[R. Lee Ermey]]|||| 2009
|-
| ''[[Deadliest Warrior]]'' ||||Theodore Roosevelt |||Model 1897 || 2009-2011
|-
| ''[[Westworld  - Season 1|Westworld]]'' || || various || Model 1874 || 2016
|-
| ''[[The War of the Worlds (2019)|The War of the Worlds]]'' || || British soldier || Model 1874, Broadwell drum|| 2019
|-
| ''[[Better Call Saul - Season 5]]'' ||  || ||Seen in armory; "Bagman" (S5E08) || 2020
|}
==Animation ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
|-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="300"|'''Title'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="50"|'''Date'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Date'''
|-
|-
| ''[[Lock 'n Load With R. Lee Ermey]]''||||||||
|''[[Rango]]''|| The Mole Clan || belt-fed; attached to saddles ||2011
|-
|-
| ''[[Rough Riders]]'' ||||U.S Army |||| 1997
|''[[Rango]]''|| Rattlesnake Jake || attached to tail in place of a rattle ||2011
|-
|-
| ''[[Deadliest Warrior]]'' ||||Theodore Roosevelt |||Model 1897| 2009-???
|}
|}


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!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Notation'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Notation'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Release Date'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Release Date'''
|-
| ''[[Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2]]'' || || 1883 model replica, seen in cutscene || 2005
|-
| ''[[Resident Evil 4]]'' || || With M134 drive mechanism || 2005
|-
|-
| ''[[Gun (VG)|Gun]]'' || || || 2005
| ''[[Gun (VG)|Gun]]'' || || || 2005
|-
|-
| ''[[Call of Juarez]]'' || || With a drum magazine || 2007
| ''[[Call of Juarez]]'' || || With a drum magazine || 2007
|-
| ''[[History Channel: Civil War - Secret Missions]]'' || || || 2008
|-
|-
| ''[[Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood]]'' || || With drum and stick magazines || 2009
| ''[[Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood]]'' || || With drum and stick magazines || 2009
Line 94: Line 170:
| ''[[Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West]]'' || || With unlimited magazine || 2010
| ''[[Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West]]'' || || With unlimited magazine || 2010
|-
|-
| ''[[Total_War:_Shogun_2#Total_War:_Shogun_2_.E2.80.94_Fall_of_the_Samurai|Total War: Shogun 2 — Fall of the Samurai]]'' || || 1874 model || 2011
|-
| ''[[The Showdown Effect]]'' || || portable || 2013
|-
| ''[[The Walking Dead: Season Two]]'' || || Unusable; seen in a Parker's Run Civil War Museum || 2013
|-
| ''[[Fistful of Frags]]'' || || Used as a turret weapon - no magazine || 2014
|-
| ''[[World of Guns: Gun Disassembly]]'' || Gatling Gun ||  || 2014
|-
| ''[[Ryu ga Gotoku Ishin!]]'' || || Unused prop || 2014
|-
| ''[[Assassin's Creed Syndicate]]'' || || 1865 model, incorrectly with Broadwell Drum || 2015
|-
| ''[[Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades]]'' || "Hand Crank Frank"|| In both mounted and handheld form|| 2016
|-
| ''[[Shadow Warrior 2]]'' || || Not usable || 2016
|-
| ''[[Red Dead Redemption II]]'' || "Gatling Gun" ||  || 2018
|-
| ''[[Yakuza Kiwami 2]]'' || || ||2018
|-
| ''[[Fallout 76]]'' || "Gatling Gun" ||In handheld configuration, can be used with Broadwell Drums|| 2018
|}
|}


Line 103: Line 202:
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Date'''
!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Date'''
|-
|''[[Momotaro: Sacred Sailors]]''|| British soldiers || ||1945
|-
| ''[[Castle in the Sky]]'' || Crewmen|| || 1986
|-
|-
| ''[[Gun Frontier]]'' || Shitalnen || || 2002
| ''[[Gun Frontier]]'' || Shitalnen || || 2002
|-
|-
| ''[[Steamboy]]'' || || Mounted in Steam Castle || 2005
| ''[[Steamboy]]'' || || Mounted in Steam Castle || 2005
|-
| ''[[Mystic Archives of Dantalian, The|The Mystic Archives of Dantalian]]'' ||A group of suitors || Model 1874, Broadwell drum || 2011
|-
|''[[Suisei no Gargantia]] || Sailors ||  || 2013
|-
| ''[[The Empire of Corpses]] || Afghan soldiers ||  || 2015
|-
| ''[[Princess Principal]]'' || Kingdom sailors || Ep. 03; 1877 Bulldog Gatling Gun  || 2017
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 20:15, 15 September 2023

The Gatling Gun was one of the precursors to the modern machine gun, and the first support weapon to possess a mechanical cycle of function; while previous rapid-fire guns had required multiple barrels to fire multiple shots, Dr. Richard Jordan Gatling's gun instead used a mechanism resembling a rack of bolt-action rifles with their bolts interfacing with cams to operate them as the barrel group was rotated by a hand crank, using a single common feed source. The gun was initially used with paper cartridges in metal chamber sleeves (effectively making the gun an incredibly bizarre revolver), but switched to brass metallic cartridges with their invention.

Many models of Gatling were produced in various calibres, usually with six barrels but some with up to ten.

In the strictest sense Gatling's invention was not a machine gun since it was still completely manually operated, with the Maxim being the first true machine gun; it is often categorised as one because the effect of the weapon was the same. In the United States, the BATFE has ruled likewise that a crank-operated Gatling Gun is not legally considered a machine gun, since it requires continuous manual actions by the operator in order to fire.

Gatling also experimented with rigging one of his guns to an early electric motor, experiments that would be revitalised during the 1950s with the development of the M61 Vulcan aircraft cannon.

When Gatling guns were ordered by Tsarist Russia their production was overseen by General Aleksandr Gorloff, the military attaché to the Russian embassy in Washington DC. Gorloff slyly had his own name stamped on the weapons in Cyrillic before they were shipped, leading to some confusion in Russia with nationalists crediting Gorloff as the inventor and referring to the weapons as "Gorloff Guns."

Note: This page is reserved for the 19th century models of Gatling Guns build by manufacturers such as Colt. Modern electric driven Gatling-type weapons don't belong here nor should they be linked here.

Specifications

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
British M1865 Gatling Gun at the Royal Artillery Museum with hopper feed - .58 Rimfire/.50-70 Government
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Colt Gatling Gun with Bruce Feed Guide - .45-70 Government
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Colt Model 1883 Gatling Gun with 104-round Accles Drum - .45-70 Government
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
1877 Bulldog Gatling Gun with Bruce Feed Guide - .45-70 Government
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Gatling Gun with short Broadwell magazine - .45-70 Government

(1861-1911)

Type: Rapid-fire gun

Caliber: Various, including .30-03, .30-06, .30-40, .45-70, .50-70, .58 Rimfire and 1-inch on naval versions.

Capacity: Various gravity feeds: manually loaded hopper (M1865), gravity "magazine" with unsprung follower (M1871), Bruce feed guide (M1881), Broadwell Drum (a cylindrical feeding device which was manually rotated to bring stacks of cartridges into position, either a seldom-used 400-round version with 20 20-round stacks or the more common 240-rounder with 20 stacks of 15), 104-round Accles Drum (a feeding system resembling a sideways pan magazine in that it was indexed by the gun's mechanism rather than a spring follower)

Fire Modes: Manual crank operated, speed depending on operator (usually 200-400 RPM), electrically driven Model 1893 tested at up to 1,500 RPM

Crew: 4

Gatling Guns of multiple manufacturers have been used in the following films:

Film

Title Actor Character Note Date
The Real Glory David Niven Lt. Terence McCool Model 1883 1939
Gunga Din British troops Model 1883 1939
Vera Cruz Gary Cooper Benjamin Trane Model 1883 1954
Emperor Maximilian's soldiers
The War Wagon Bruce Cabot Frank Pierce mounted in turret 1967
The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Union Army Model 1865 and 1874, anachronistic 1966
Guns of the Magnificent Seven Bernie Casey Cassie 1883 model 1969
100 Rifles Mexican soldiers, Indians 1969
Two Mules for Sister Sara French Troops 1970
There was a crooked man 1970
Something Big 1971
Bad Man's River 1971
A Reason to Live, A Reason to Die 1972
The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid Pinkertons 1972
The Outlaw Josey Wales Union Army 1975
Rooster Cogburn John Wayne Rooster Cogburn 1975
Rooster Cogburn Katharine Hepburn 1975
Young Guns Union Army 1988
Batman Returns 1992
Bad Girls Madeleine Stowe Cody Model 1874 1994
Nostromo 1996
Wild Wild West 1999
American Outlaws Union Army 2001
The Last Samurai Imperial Japanese Army Model 1874 2003
Van Helsing weapons tester 2004
Tremors 4: The Legend Begins Michael Gross Hiram Gummer 2004
3:10 to Yuma (2007) cart gunners Rubber Model 1874 2007
The Book of Eli Carnegie's men 2010
Sherlock Holmes: A Game Of Shadows Meinhard guards Ammo fed from Broadwell drums 2011
Rurouni Kenshin Part I: Origins Teruyuki Kagawa Kanryuu Takeda 2012
Rurouni Kenshin: Kyoto Inferno Ken'ichi Takitô Sadojima Hoji 2014
The Magnificent Seven 2016

Television

Title Actor Character Note/Episode Date
Black Fox The Price of Peace Christopher Reeve Alan Johnson Mounted on tripod 1995
Rough Riders U.S Army Model 1895 1997
Lock 'n Load With R. Lee Ermey Himself R. Lee Ermey 2009
Deadliest Warrior Theodore Roosevelt Model 1897 2009-2011
Westworld various Model 1874 2016
The War of the Worlds British soldier Model 1874, Broadwell drum 2019
Better Call Saul - Season 5 Seen in armory; "Bagman" (S5E08) 2020

Animation

Title Character Note Date
Rango The Mole Clan belt-fed; attached to saddles 2011
Rango Rattlesnake Jake attached to tail in place of a rattle 2011

Video Games

Game Title Appears as Notation Release Date
Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2 1883 model replica, seen in cutscene 2005
Resident Evil 4 With M134 drive mechanism 2005
Gun 2005
Call of Juarez With a drum magazine 2007
History Channel: Civil War - Secret Missions 2008
Call of Juarez: Bound in Blood With drum and stick magazines 2009
Jurassic: The Hunted Used as a turret weapon 2009
Red Dead Redemption Without a magazine 2010
Lead and Gold: Gangs of the Wild West With unlimited magazine 2010
Total War: Shogun 2 — Fall of the Samurai 1874 model 2011
The Showdown Effect portable 2013
The Walking Dead: Season Two Unusable; seen in a Parker's Run Civil War Museum 2013
Fistful of Frags Used as a turret weapon - no magazine 2014
World of Guns: Gun Disassembly Gatling Gun 2014
Ryu ga Gotoku Ishin! Unused prop 2014
Assassin's Creed Syndicate 1865 model, incorrectly with Broadwell Drum 2015
Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades "Hand Crank Frank" In both mounted and handheld form 2016
Shadow Warrior 2 Not usable 2016
Red Dead Redemption II "Gatling Gun" 2018
Yakuza Kiwami 2 2018
Fallout 76 "Gatling Gun" In handheld configuration, can be used with Broadwell Drums 2018

Anime

Title Character Note Date
Momotaro: Sacred Sailors British soldiers 1945
Castle in the Sky Crewmen 1986
Gun Frontier Shitalnen 2002
Steamboy Mounted in Steam Castle 2005
The Mystic Archives of Dantalian A group of suitors Model 1874, Broadwell drum 2011
Suisei no Gargantia Sailors 2013
The Empire of Corpses Afghan soldiers 2015
Princess Principal Kingdom sailors Ep. 03; 1877 Bulldog Gatling Gun 2017
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