Thomas Murphy (Kevin Costner) carries a pair of nickel M1911A1s as his sidearms in the first half of the film, notably dual-wielding them during the casino heist. The pistols mount extended slide-stops. He loses these guns after being arrested in Boise, Idaho, and later receives a replacement M1911A1 with a standard finish from his friend Jack (Howie Long). During the casino heist, a Las Vegas police officer attacks Murphy's gang with a SIG P226, which briefly changes to an M1911A1 in a continuity error.
Smith & Wesson Model 29
Gus (David Arquette) uses a Smith & Wesson Model 29 during the Casino heist. He tries to reload the weapon during the firefight, but appears to give up and switches to his assault rifle instead.
Just before the warehouse shootout, Jack (Howie Long) is seen loading a Smith & Wesson Model 686. Michael (Kurt Russell) catches Jack off guard and disarms him, then holding the weapon on Jack and Murphy (Kevin Costner) until the SWAT team arrives and he drops it.
Beretta 92FS
The casino security guards carry Beretta 92FS's and use them during the heist shootout. During the final shootout at the warehouse, some of the police officers surrounding the area are also armed with Beretta 92FS pistols.
Franklin (Bokeem Woodbine) is seen holding an empty Walther P99 in the casino elevator as the Las Vegas police officer attacks the gang. It's not clear where the pistol came from, as he is never seen wielding it (or firing it) at any point.
SIG-Sauer P226
The Las Vegas police officer that corners the gang i nthe casino elevator is armed with a SIG P226. He shoots Franklin (Bokeem Woodbine) several times before Murphy (Kevin Costner) disarms him and shoots him in the head. Near the end of the movie, Jack briefly draws his own SIG P226 when Michael and Murphy have their standoff in the warehouse.
Smith & Wesson 5946
Michael carries a Smith & Wesson 5946 as his sidearm in the early part of the film, at one point using it to threaten Cybil (Courtney Cox) when she refuses to hand over her car keys. (Hey, he already gave her a big wad of cash, what else is he gonna do?) Presumably he loses it when he too is arrested in Boise, Idaho.
Ruger Vaquero
Murphy gets pulled over by an officer carrying a Ruger Vaquero, which he uses when he subsequently challenges Murphy to a quick draw duel. The front sight has been filed off for a faster draw, a common tactic amongst quick draw shooters.
Smith & Wesson Model 28
Several police officers in the film, including the patrolman that arrests Michael in Boise, Idaho, carry Smith & Wesson Model 28 revolvers.
Shotguns
Franchi SPAS-12
Murphy's (Kevin Costner) main weapon during the Casino heist is a Franchi SPAS-12. He kills several security guards, reloads mid-fight, and proceeds to kill several more guards before discarding the weapon and switching to his M1911A1s.
Remington 870
One of the Casino security officers fires a Remington 870 at Murphy and company.
Mossberg 500
Just before the final shoot out in the warehouse, Murphy (Kevin Costner) is given a short barreled Mossberg 500 fitted with rear and forward pistol grips, a heat shield and a shell holder. He uses the weapon to shoot Michael (Kurt Russell) after the SWAT team shows up, and briefly uses it to shoot at the SWAT team members. This is the same shotgun used in Reindeer Games, Smokin' Aces 2: Assassins' Ball and other films and television series filmed in Vancouver.
Submachine Guns
FN P90
Hamilton (Ice-T) uses a pair of FN P90s wielded akimbo during the warehouse shoot out. In one of the cooler (and kind of stupid) scenes, Hamilton rides a zip line upside down, spraying both P90s at the SWAT officers as he spins around. He is quickly gunned down, of course, for exposing himself as such an easy target.
Heckler & Koch MP5A3
U.S. Marshal Damitry (Kevin Pollak), U.S. Marshal Quigley (Thomas Haden Church) and all the SWAT team officers use Heckler & Koch MP5A3s during the final shoot out in the warehouse. Many of them are fitted with laser sights, as seen when they finally corner Murphy.
Ruger MP9
Jack uses a Ruger MP9 during the final shootout in the warehouse.
Assault Rifles
Ruger Mini-14
Pit Boss #1 (Paul Anka) and a couple of plain-clothes security guards use Ruger Mini-14s converted to full auto when confronting the robbery crew on the roof of the casino.
Custom Rocky Mountain Arms Patriot Pistols
During the casino heist, Gus (David Arquette) and Franklin (Bokeem Woodbine) use strange-looking compact assault rifles. One of these weapons is also used near the end of the movie, when Murphy (Kevin Costner) uses one for the first part of the warehouse shoot out. These weapons are custom-built Rocky Mountain Arms Patriot Pistol "carbines". They were clearly built by fitting Patriot Pistol upper receiver/barrel assembles to the lower receiver/telescoping stocks of some other M16 carbine variants, mostly likely the XM177 or Model 654. The armorers then added M4-style carry handles and 100-round Beta-C magazines. Guns similar to these have also been seen in Congo and Soldier (coincidentally, the latter is another movie that starred Kurt Russell).
(Fake) Colt XM177
Hanson (Christian Slater) and Michael (Kurt Russell) use M16 carbine variants that are mocked up to resemble Colt XM177 during the the casino heist. Michael never fires his weapon at any of the security guards, instead shooting the glass above a group of pursuing guards. Michael then passes his gun to Murphy (Kevin Costner) as the group makes their escape to the helicopter.
All of these rifles are fake XM177 rifles which seem to have been built from other AR variants. The real XM177 has a slab-side receiver, which only Michael's gun has (at least when he's in the elevator). The rifles used by the other robbers have both M16A2-style receivers (forward assist, brass deflector, and M16A2-style rear sight) and Model 715-style receivers (forward assist, brass deflector, and M16A1-style rear sight). This means that they're probably other AR carbine variants with chopped barrels and fake XM177 flash hiders fitted. Most of the Hollywood "XM177s" seen in movies are just like these (see also The Rock, for instance).
Light Machine Guns
Daewoo K3 (visually modified to resemble M249 Paratrooper SAW)
During the final shoot out in the warehouse, Jack (Howie Long) uses a light machine gun which may appear to resemble an M249 Paratrooper SAW against several SWAT officers. However, this weapon is actually a Daewoo K3 that was visually modified to resemble an M249; this is discerned most easily by looking at the front sight After Jack is gunned down while trying to save Murphy (Kevin Costner), Murphy picks up the K3 and uses it for his last stand.
Misc.
Las Vegas Police Officer's P226/M1911
Near the end of the Casino shoot out, an LVMPD officer tries to stop Michael and Murphy's group when they retreat to the elevator. The officer's weapon changes briefly from a SIG P226 to a M1911.
Winchester Model 1894
After Murphy betrays Michael, a trucker finds him on the road and offers him a ride. Behind the trucker is Winchester Model 1894.