B.A.U. (Behavior Analysis Unit) Chief SSA Aaron Hotchner (Thomas Gibson) carries a third-generation Glock 17 as his duty sidearm. A third-generation Glock 17 is also wielded by Dr. Spencer Reid (Matthew Gray Gubler) in the season's premiere episode "Mayhem" (S4E01). Season 4 marks the first time since the pilot that one of the members who previously carried a Glock discontinues doing so - in this case Reid, who only has his Glock 17 in "Mayhem", after-which he begins carrying a .357 Smith & Wesson Model 65 revolver. Other FBI agents and some police officers are seen with Glock 17 pistols.
Glock 17 (Streamlight TLR-2 weaponlight)
Supervisory Special Agent Derek Morgan (Shemar Moore) carries a third-generation Glock 17 with a mounted Streamlight TLR-2 weaponlight/laser module as his duty sidearm.
Glock 19
SSA Emily Prentiss (Paget Brewster) uses a third-generation Glock 19 as her sidearm. Another Glock 19 (which appears to be an older second-generation variant) is used in "Roadkill" (S4E23) by Det. Quinn (Timothy Carhart) to fire a few shots at a fleeing criminal, although he misses and the criminal commits suicide by driving off a cliff. Also carried by various police officers.
Glock 26
A Glock 26 pistol is the duty weapon of the B.A.U.'s 'Communications Liaison' SSA Jennifer 'J.J.' Jareau (A.J. Cook). The Glock 26 is also the backup weapon carried by both Aaron Hotchner (Thomas Gibson) and Derek Morgan (Shemar Moore), both carried in ankle holsters.
Springfield Armory TRP
SSA David Rossi (Joe Mantegna) carries a Springfield Armory TRP, a model of which is used by the FBI's elite HRT, throughout the series, this suggests he may have been HRT/SWAT trained to use this weapon. Rossi also has a background of serving in the U.S. Marine Corps, which also possibly helps explain his use of a 1911-type pistol.
Smith & Wesson 4506
An older model Smith & Wesson 4506 with the square trigger guard and frame bulge is used by Benjamin Cyrus (Luke Perry) in "Minimal Loss" (S4E03).
Beretta 92FS
The Beretta 92FS is a common firearm seen in the series, usually by Unsubs and police officers. Terrorist Ben Abner (Adoni Maropis) uses the Beretta upon exiting a hospital elevator in "Mayhem" (S4E01).
SIG-Sauer P232
A female serial killer is seen pulling what appears to be a SIG-Sauer P232 on one of her victims in a Dallas parking garage in the episode "Pleasure Is My Business" (S4E16).
Revolvers
Smith & Wesson Model 65
Dr. Spencer Reid (Matthew Gray Gubler) carries as his main weapon a 3" barrel Smith & Wesson Model 65 with wood-colored grips starting in the episode "The Angel Maker" (S4E02). He carries his sidearm in a very frontal appendix-carry (as he also did with his previous Glock 17), a manner in-which a militia leader once said "The way you wear that gun - you're just asking someone to take it off of ya." In addition, he carries the double-action revolver in a holster that does not cover the trigger guard, something that is not generally advisable. There are several good shots of it in Season 4, notably at the beginning of "The Instincts" (S4E06).
Smith & Wesson Model 27 / 28
A serial killer called 'Animal' uses what appears to be an N-frame Smith & Wesson Model 27 / 28 .357 Magnum revolver (Most likely a Model 28) to kill at least six people (four of whom were cops) in "Brothers in Arms" (S4E10).
Smith & Wesson Model 36
Standard J-frame Smith & Wesson Model 36 revolvers are used by numerous unsubs (short for 'unknown-subjects') throughout the show. A Model 36 is notably seen wielded by a female unsub at the end of "The Angel Maker" (S4E02).
Smith & Wesson Model 629 V-Comp
Identified as a .44 Magnum, a Smith & Wesson Model 629 V-Comp is used as the weapon of choice for
George Foyet aka 'The Boston Reaper' (C. Thomas Howell), an infamous serial killer and the nemesis of Agent Hotchner (Thomas Gibson). He uses it throughout "Omnivore" (S4E18) and also fires it at Hotch at the conclusion of Season 4's two-part finale.
Rifles
M4A1
Throughout the series, FBI SWAT and several local police tactical units carry M4A1 carbines, both standard models and variants with various accessories.
AKM
In "Minimal Loss" (S4E03), members of a polygamist cult use AKM assault rifles in a shootout with the Colorado SWAT team.
AKMS
In "Minimal Loss" (S4E03), other cult members are armed with AKMS assault rifles, also seen used in the shootout with the Colorado SWAT team.
AKMSU
Another weapon used by the cult in "Minimal Loss" (S4E03) is the AKMSU carbine, notably the leader Benjamin Cyrus (Luke Perry). Like many AKMSUs in the film industry, these guns are outfitted with Krinkov parts kits to resemble AKS-74U carbines, but have a notably more curved 7.62x39mm magazine, as opposed to the AKS-74U's relatively straighter magazine.
Submachine Guns
Heckler & Koch MP5A2
Full-stocked Heckler & Koch MP5A2s are used by various SWAT teams, notably by FBI SWAT in "Minimal Loss" during the rescue at the polygamist compound.
Heckler & Koch MP5A3
Collapsible-stock Heckler & Koch MP5A3s are also used by various SWAT teams, notably by FBI SWAT in "Minimal Loss" during the rescue at the polygamist compound. An interesting goof is present in that, when the weapons are fired, they sound suppressed, even though they have no suppressors mounted.
Shotguns
Remington 870
In Season 4's two-part finale "To Hell" (Part 1) - "...And Back" (Part 2), former U.S. Army Sergeant William Hightower (Sharif Atkins), whose sister was abducted and later murdered by an unsub team, takes an unguarded Remington 870 fitted with a Surefire dedicated forend weaponlight and speedfeed stock, using it to kill one of the unsubs after hearing his callous justification for his actions, dropping the weapon and surrendering to the agents after firing the fatal shot.
Remington 870 Field Gun
A sawed off Remington 870 Field Gun shotgun with raised barrel ribbing is used by the 'Road Warrior' killer (Mitch Pileggi) in "Normal" (S4E11). The shotgun has been fitted a custom brace on the pump that attaches to driver side window frame and allows him to rack the slide and fire from inside his car at motorists while keeping one hand on the wheel.
Mossberg 500
SSA Aaron Hotchner (Thomas Gibson) wields what appears to be a Mossberg 500 'Persuader' shotgun in "Brothers in Arms" (S4E10). A Phoenix officer at the beginning of the episode attempts to unlatch the Mossberg from his squad car.
Sniper Rifles
Remington 700SPS Tactical
In "Brothers in Arms" (S4E10), Phoenix SWAT snipers are armed with what appear to be Remington 700 SPS Tactical rifles.