Several Kentucky flintlock rifles are used by Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson) and his sons when he tries to rescue his older son Gabriel Martin (Heath Ledger) from British soldiers. According to this article[1], the rifle was custom built for Mel Gibson by artist Frank House, who also had a hand in training the actor on how to use it.
Flintlock Pistol
Various Flintlock Pistols are used by numerous characters including Benjamin Martin (Mel Gibson) and Colonel Tavington (Jason Isaacs). As stated in the article [2], Benjamin Martin's pistol was on loan from a collector, who happened to share the same initials as Mel Gibson's character. Tavington's pistol was built from a kit.
Brown Bess Flintlock Musket
The Brown Bess appears as the standard flintlock musket of the British Army. Always seen with a bayonet, but the British troops never use it effectively even though its use was relatively common.
Charleville 1766
Several militia members are seen armed with the Charleville 1766 flintlock rifle including Gabriel Martin, who fires it several times during the film, most notably when he wounds Colonel Tavington.
Flintlock Fowler
A Flintlock Fowler (the 18th century equivalent of a shotgun) is seen being fired by Samuel Martin (Bryan Chafin) during the rescue of Gabriel Martin.