In Season 4's "The Man in the Outhouse" (S4E03), a Glock 23 is taken as evidence. It is said to be .40 caliber, which combined with its compact size, narrow it down as a G23.
In the pilot episode, Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan (Emily Deschanel) uses what appears to be a Smith & Wesson Model 625 at an indoor shooting range and what may be the Non Guns model is used to wound a suspect in the leg.
In Season 2's "The Man in the Cell" (S2E12), Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan (Emily Deschanel) begins carrying a 4" Smith & Wesson Model 500 that she claims to have bought at the mall. The impracticality of the large-caliber gun for the purposes of law enforcement becomes a running gag in the series. She and Booth both use the weapon in the final showdown with a murderer in Season 3's "Mummy in the Maze" (S3E05). The killer mentions in the episode that the .50 caliber 500 only holds 5 shots, and Booth takes advantage of its power to shoot through a metal door.
In Season 4's "The Con Man in the Meth Lab" (S4E09), Brennan takes a Smith & Wesson SW1911PD Tactical Rail Series out of Booth's holster. It has a tactical rail on the frame nose.
In Season 3's "Mummy in the Maze", the murderer dressed as a clown uses a sawn-off double barrel shotgun in a shootout with Booth. Booth mentions how a military man can miss with a scattergun.
Error creating thumbnail: File missingThe weapon in the episode was sawn down to the semi-pistol grip portion of the stock with the barrels left relatively long, similar to this weapon - 12 gauge.Error creating thumbnail: File missingIn Season 3's "Mummy in the Maze", the murderer dressed as a clown uses a sawn-off double barrel shotgun in a shootout with Booth.
Double Barrel Shotgun
In Season 5's "The X in the File" (S5E11), a rancher woman uses a Double Barrel shotgun loaded with rock salt to shoo people off her land.
In Season 4's "The Princess & The Pear", a Winchester Model 1892 is seen hanging on Booth's mantle in his apartment.
Error creating thumbnail: File missingThe Winchester 1892 Saddle Ring Carbine with large lever loop used by John Wayne in the film True Grit. Serial #501892. Pictured with .44-40 shells. (Source: Photocopied from book "The Peacemakers: Arms and Adventure in the American West" written by R.L. Wilson.)Error creating thumbnail: File missingIn Season 4's "The Princess & The Pear", a Winchester Model 1892 is seen hanging on Booth's mantle in his apartment.
Other
M203 grenade launcher
In Season 4's "The Man in the Meth Lab" (S4E09), a police instructor shows recruits how to use a stand alone M203 grenade launcher, which he fires into a broken down trailer. A body then erupts from the explosion and the episode's case begins.