The United States soldiers seen during Emmett Fitz-Hume (Chevy Chase) and Austin Millbarge's (Dan Aykroyd) training are carrying M16A1's, such as those seen running around the base. Also, M16's are one of the many rifles used by the Mujahadeen warriors.
Colt XM177
The guards at the abandoned outdoor theater are seen holding Colt XM177's. As was common in several of the films directed by John Landis, several movie directors make cameos and they are seen here.
M1 Carbine
Several of the Mujahadeen are seen wielding M1 Carbines.
AK-47
True, genuine AK-47's can be seen in the hands of Soviet soldiers and Border Guards, a rarity for a US production made during the 1980's. Since the scenes for Soviet Tajikistan were filmed in Norway and scenes for Pakistan and Afghanistan were filemd in Morocco, it is quite possible that the production was able to source real Russian AK-47s from either British and/or European film armourers.
Norinco Type 56
For some scenes, Norinco Type 56 rifles are used in place of AK's.
Short Magazine Lee-Enfield (SMLE)
Several of the Mujahideen can be seen using No. 1 Mark III* Lee-Enfield's, and the No.4 rifle is later seen in the hands of the Pakistani soldiers at the guard post.
Sten
A small number of the Mujahideen are seen with Sten submachine guns.
Sterling SMG
A good majority of the Mujahideen are using Sterling submachine guns.
MAC-10
The "GLG-20's" Jerry Hadley (Charles McKeown) and Karen Boyer (Donna Dixon) use MAC-10's when Soviet troops discover the spies while infiltrating the Soviet Union. Austin later uses one in his corageous attempt to rescue Emmett from the Soviet border guards. The magazine he uses to reload his MAC-10 appears to be empty.
Tokarev TT-33
The Soviet KGB Agents are seen using Tokarev TT-33 pistols after Emmett and Austin discover their contacts' true loyalties while in Pakistan. The agents are also seen using the pistols later at the highway patrol office. They should, however, be using Makarovs.
M1911A1 (Nickel)
During Emmett and Austin's training, Colonel Rhombus (Bernie Casey) fires a nickel plated M1911A1 with ivory grips at their feet to persuade them to jump into the mud pit.
M1911A1
An M1911A1 is also seen in the waistband of one of the operatives that speak at the front of the drive-in theater.