Bank robbers John Dillinger (Warren Oates), Homer Van Meter (Harry Dean Stanton), "Pretty Boy" Floyd (Steve Kanaly), Harry Pierpont (Geoffrey Lewis), and Eddie the getaway driver (John Martino) use Star Model B pistols, standing in for the M1911A1. In several scenes, DIllinger and Floyd dual-wield them. FBI agent Samuel Cowley (Roy Jenson) carries a Star Model B, notably when he watches Purvis face off against Underhill. Other vigilantes and policemen can occasionally be seen with Model Bs as well.
Thompson M1921
Several members of Dillinger's gang, most notably Lester "Baby Face" Nelson (Richard Dreyfuss), Harry Pierpont (Geoffrey Lewis), John Dillinger (Warren Oates), Charley Makley (John Ryan), Homer Van Meter (Harry Dean Stanton), Tommy Carroll (Jerry Summers), and Reed Youngblood (Frank McRae) fire the Thompson M1921 with either drum or box magazines. Dillinger's girlfriend Billie Frechette (Michelle Phillips) fires a Thompson to cover his escape from Little Bohemia (although it inexplicably alternates with a Browning Automatic Rifle in the same scene). Many FBI agents and policemen too, such as Melvin Purvis (Ben Johnson) and Samuel Cowley (Roy Jenson) carry Thompsons. Several Thompson seen have their stocks removed. Weapons supplied by Stembridge Gun Rentals.
M1903 Springfield rifles are seen in the hands of vigilantes in Mason City. One is also seen held by a vigilante and a state police officer at the farm where Purvis shoots Wilbur Underhill.
Winchester Model 1897
Harry Pierpont (Geoffrey Lewis) uses a Winchester Model 1897 during several shootouts. Several police and vigilantes also have 1897s. Dillinger steals one from the Crown Point jail during his break out.
Star Model B (nickel)
FBI agent Melvin Purvis (Ben Johnson) uses a Star Model B throughout the film, most likely standing in for the Colt Super Automatic chambered in .38 Super used by the FBI during the 1930s.
Several vigilantes around Wilbur Underhill's house are armed with rifles.
Smith & Wesson Model 10
Harry Pierpont (Geoffrey Lewis) fires a Smith & Wesson Model 10 at Little Bohemia. Several police officers, FBI agents, and vigilantes use them as well.
Colt Detective Special
"Handsome Jack" Klutas (Terry Leonard) draws a Colt Detective Special from his pocket when he is killed by Purvis, firing a few shots into the air before he falls down the stairs, riddled by Thompson bullets. "Baby Face" Nelson (Richard Dreyfuss) fires a Detective Special during the Little Bohemia shootout.
M1903A3 Springfield
M1903A3 Springfield rifles are seen in the hands of U.S. Army soldiers guarding Dillinger at Crown Point prison.
Lewis Gun
U.S. Army soldier at Crown Point manning a Lewis gun.
Browning M1917
Some of the U.S. Army soldiers around Crown Point have water-cooled Browning M1917 machine guns set up.
Browning Auto-5
A legionnaire outside the Crown Point jail during Dillinger's escape carries a Browning Auto-5.
M1911A1
During the opening credits, just as director John Milius's name comes on, a M1911A1 found in the actual Dillinger gang's collection during a 1934 arrest is seen at the base of a Thompson with its stock removed. Also, in the scene at Little Bohemia where "Baby Face" Nelson (Richard Dreyfuss) questions Dillinger's (Warren Oates) leadership, Dillinger grabs Nelson's 1911 from him and attacks him with it, then gives it back to him, taunting him. This is the only scene in which gang members are seen with genuine 1911s, identified by the larger bore diameter and lack of an external extractor.
Browning Automatic Rifle
Several members of Dillinger's gang, most notably Homer Van Meter (Harry Dean Stanton), Harry Pierpont (Geoffrey Lewis), and Lester "Baby Face" Nelson (Richard Dreyfuss) fire Browning Automatic Rifles during the Mason City bank robbery and subsequent Little Bohemia shootout. Billie Frechette (Michelle Phillips) covers Dillinger's escape with a B.A.R. (inexplicably alternating with a Thompson during the same scene).
A Mason City vigilante carries a Winchester Model 70 with open sights. Technically, the use of the Model 70 (developed in 1936) is an anachronism for a scene taking place in early 1934.
double barreled shotgun
Several vigilantes throughout the film use double barreled shotguns. One of the Iowa vigilantes who fatally wounds Homer Van Meter uses a shotgun.