The United States soldiers seen during Emmett Fitz-Hume (Chevy Chase) and Austin Millbarge's (Dan Aykroyd) training are carrying M16A1's, such as those seen running around the base. Also, M16's are one of the many rifles used by the Mujahideen warriors.
AK-47's can be seen in the hands of the Soviet soldiers escorting the SS-50 rocket at the beginning of the film. Oddly enough, they are seen using Chinese Type56's at the end of the film. Also, some of the Mujahideen are carrying AK-47's/Type-56's. For the time period that this film is set in (1985), the Soviet soldiers should be using AK-74's.
The "GLG-20's" Jerry Hadley (Charles McKeown) and Karen Boyer (Donna Dixon) use MAC-10's when Soviet troops discover the spies while infiltrating the Soviet Union. Austin later uses one in his corageous attempt to rescue Emmett from the Soviet border guards.
The Soviet KGB Agents are seen using Tokarev TT-33 pistols after Emmett and Austin discover their contacts' true loyalties while in Pakistan. The agents are also seen using the pistols later at the highway patrol office. They should, however, be using Makarovs.
During Emmett and Austin's training, Colonel Rhombus (Bernie Casey) fires a nickel plated M1911 with ivory grips at their feet to pursuade them to jump into the mud pit.