The XM16E1 assault rifle are used by the soldiers of the 1st Cavalry Division including Lt. Colonel Hal Moore(Mel Gibson). Later on the film during the Ia Drang battle Joe Galloway (Barry Pepper) uses one as well. They have the M16 "duckbill" flash suppresor to make them look like the XM16E1. There were actual XM16E1's used on the film for the heroes.
M1 Carbine
A Korean war era M1 Carbine is carried by the South Vietnamese (ARVN) advisor dressed in Tigerstripe fatigues. He appears in the scene in which the NVA scout is caught and interrogated. Also appears when the French Solders are being killed.
M60 machine gun
The M60 machine gun is are used by US soldiers. Various Door gunners use them as well.
Colt M1911A1 pistol
A Colt M1911A1 is fired by Sgt. Maj. Basil Plumley (Sam Elliott) during a close combat sequence and is also seen in the holsters of his fellow soldiers.
I read somewhere (I think LMO) that Sam Elliot used an older M1911 not an A1. Gibson on the other hand did use an A1. I'm sure Steve would know something about it, since he worked on the film. - Gunmaster45
M26 Hand Grenades
In several scenes, U.S. soldiers can be seen with M26 hand grenades strapped to their pouches.
NVA Weapons
The NVA weapons in this movie are of the basic types one will usually see in Vietnam movies on the NVA/Vietnminh/Vietcong - side. In the beginning when the Viet Minh troops attack the French forces, several SKS (or possibly Chinese copies of them) rifles and as well as examples of the PPS-43, PPSh-41, M1 Carbine, Mosin-Nagant M44 and a ZB-26 light machine gun . The opening scene also features an AT weapon of some sort, which would appear to be an M20 "Super Bazooka"(Note: Most definitely NOT an M20 Super Bazooka, the front end is completely different).'*It seems to be an M1 Bazooka instead* '. Later on in the movie standard AK-47's (or possibly cloned Chinese Type-56 assault rifles)and RPG-2s can be seen in addition to the SKS's. In the climax of the film, the NVA are also seen with a DShK heavy machine gun and German-made MG34 machine gun at the ready, as well as brief glimpses of a DP-1928 and RPD.
In the opening scene where the french soldiers are ambushed during the Indochina War, various french soldiers use MAS-36 rifles.
Smith & Wesson M-13 Aircrewman
The .38 caliber revolver pulled out by Maj. Bruce "Snake S!@#" Crandall (Greg Kinnear) is most likely a Smith & Wesson M-13 Aircrewman, an unsuccessful lightweight aluminium-cylindered revolver designed for US military flyers.
GE M134 Minigun
A pair each of GE M134 Miniguns are seen mounted on the gunship Hueys at the climax of the film, and one is also on display on a table in the beginning of the movie.
M1928A1 Thompson
As the American soldiers are heading off for battle you can see a South Vietnamese soldier holding up an M1928/M1928A1 Thompson with a 30 round magazine and a horizontal foregrip
Browning M1919A4
Two Browning M1919A4s can be seen mounted on French jeeps on the intro sequence.
MAT-49
Various French Soldiers use MAT-49 submachine guns during the opening Scene. Various North Vietnam soldiers and Vietcong soldiers use them as well during the Battle of Ia Drang.