A Calico M950 is seen in "Land of Fuyuki City", present in the arsenal of Kiritsugu Emiya and Maiya Hisau. In the light novels, it's detailed that the duo use it as a backup weapon. Located in an arms cache case brought by Kiritsugu in "The Evil Forest". First used in "The Evil Forest" and "The Magus Killer".
Glock 17
Maiya Hisau pulls out a full-sized 2nd generation Glock 17 pistol as a backup weapon after losing her Steyr AUG from a surprise visit by Kirei Kotomine, first seen in "Night of Schemes". Located in an arms cache case brought by Kiritsugu in "The Evil Forest" and wielded once again by Maiya in "The Magus Killer".
Thompson Arms Contender
A Thompson Arms Contender pistol was used by Kiritsugu Emiya as his main sidearm in the 4th Holy Grail War, which appeared in both the anime and in the light novel series. It first appeared in "Land of Fuyuki City". In the anime, you can tell that it's the .223 Remington version due to the presence of the rear sights, which was also shown in the said episode. In the light novel series, it is specifically detailed to have had a barrel swap and utilize .30-06 cartridges. This pistol utilizes custom-made bullets called "Origin Bullets", created from magic which involves Kiritsugu's rib bones.
Unknown Revolver
Assault Rifles
Steyr AUG A1
A Steyr AUG A1 with a black plastic body was used by Maiya Hisau as her main weapon in the anime, which was also portrayed in the light novel during the 4th Holy Grail War. She first uses it in "Blade of the Demonic Spear". Located in an arms cache case brought by Kiritsugu in "The Evil Forest".
Sniper Rifles
Walther WA 2000
A Walther WA 2000 is shown in "Land of Fuyuki City", serving as Kiritsugu Emiya's main weapon of choice in the series, as well as in the light novel during the 4th Holy Grail War. The only difference is that Kiritsugu had replaced the Schmidt & Bender 2.5–10X telescopic sight with either a AN/PVS04 or a IR heat vision scopes to locate the heat signatures of magi hiding from physical sight. He first uses it in "Blade of the Demonic Spear".
Later in "The Bloody Battle of Mion River", Kiritsugu uses the WA 2000 to assassinate Ryunosuke near the shore of Mion River to prevent his Servant Caster from harming Fuyuki City any further.
Grenades
M67 Grenade
What appears to be M67 fragmentation grenades are among the weapons in the arms cache assembled by Maiya in the local Fuyuki Hotel in "Land of Fuyuki City".
M18 Smoke Grenade
A M18 Smoke Grenade is thrown by Kiritsugu to distract Kirei, allowing Maiya to escape in "Night of Schemes". Has an error with M78 written in place of M18.
Model 7290 Flashbang
A Model 7290 flashbang grenade is visually inspected by Kiritsugu from the arms cache Maiya assembled in the local Fuyuki Hotel in "Land of Fuyuki City".
Machine Guns
Hughes M230 Chaingun
A Hughes M230 Chaingun was seen fired by an Apache gunship on the television set in Waver's room when he was staying with the Mackenzies in Fuyuki City in "Land of Fuyuki City".
M61 Vulcan
A couple of Japanese Air Self-Defense Force F-15J fighters are armed with the M61 Vulcan as its main machine gun before they began to engage Caster in "The Bloody Battle of Mion River". Berserker controls one of the two F-15Js against Gilgamesh as its Noble Phantasm after Caster's tentacle monster killed the other pilot by consuming his fighter.
Others
Plastic Explosives
Plastic Explosives are seen next to the Calico M950, which are among the weapons in the arms cache assembled by Maiya in the local Fuyuki Hotel in "Land of Fuyuki City". Later seen in "The Evil Forest". Located in an arms cache case brought by Kiritsugu in "The Evil Forest".