Quinn Abercromby (Christian Bale) keeps an Ulriks Mauser Tyrannosaurus Rex or T-Rex rifle in the massive .577 Nitro cartridge and is seen with it several times in the film, most notabley when he faces the Male Bull Dragon and fires at it. Like the .600 Nitro double rifle in The Lost World: Jurassic Park, this gun is an expensive, rare gun customly crafted by expert gunsmiths. The gun is said to have such vicious recoil and overkilling firepower, even hunters in Africa only keep it as a back-up gun incase of a charging animal. Even with such immense firepower, the rifle mananages to do little more than make the dragon mad. When looking closely at the front sight, it appears they used more than one rifle in the film as the front sight changes in some shots.
Shorty Mossberg 500
Denton Van Zan (Matthew McConaughey) uses a pistol gripped Mossberg 500 with a super-short barrel and a finger-grooved foregrip on the pump as his main weapon throughout the film, keeping it slung at his hip like an over-sized sidearm.
Magnesium Arrow Tipped C4 Crossbow
While bows aren't usually considered firearms, bows with Magnesium Phosphate C4 arrow tips are a different story. Van Zan and Quinn both use these crossbows when facing the Bull Dragon at the film's climax. Van Zan tells Quinn that the only way to kill it is to wait when it breaths fire, because only then does it expose its chest. Van Zan almost hits the Bull while standing on a tower, but it breaths fire and the arrow only manages to ignite its flame early, damaging its mouth and causing it to breath smoke. When Quinn faces it, he loses his arrows whilst doing a Judo roll away from the dragon as it strikes. He manages to grab one of the arrows and right before the Bull torches him, he fires it into the dragons mouth, blowing up its napalm valve and severing its head.
Harpoon Gun
When killing the first dragon, Van Zan mans a large vehicle mounted Harpoon Gun and fires it just as the dragon flies over the hill, killing it with a harpoon to the chest.
L1A1 SLR
The British varient FN FAL rifle, the L1A1 SLR is seen in the hands of several of the castle refugees when the Americans first arrive.
Norinco Type 56-1
One of the British refugees is seen armed with an Norinco Type 56-1 rifle.
Lanchester Mk. 1
One of the refugees is seen with a Lanchester Mk. 1 submachine gun.
Lee Enfield No.1 MkIII* rifle
One of the refugees is handed a Lee Enfield No.1 MkIII* rifle when the Americans arrive and is later seen with it.
Franchi SPAS-12
A number of Americans are seen armed with the Franchi SPAS-12 shotgun during the film.
Ultimax 100 Mk. 2
Many of the Americans can be seen armed with Ultimax 100 Mk. 2 machine guns fitted with 30 round magazines. Van Zan keeps one slung over his back along with his Shorty Mossberg 500. When facing the Bull dragon during the film's climax, Alex Jensen (Izabella Scorupco) uses one to distract it long enough for Quinn to ready his Crossbow.
M1 Thompson
One of the refugees is handed out an M1 Thompson and she is later seen loading it while riding on the American's tank.
MP40
One of the refugees is seen armed with an MP40 submachine gun.
Browning M2HB
Americans keep Browning M2HBs mounted on the top of their tanks.
Browning M2 (mocked up as DShK)
The machine gun mounted on Van Zan's tank is a Browning M2 visually mocked up to resemble the DShK heavy machine gun although close inspection of the reciever reveals it is an M2.
Eh, I dunno. Looks fairly authentic to me, not like the ones in the 2nd Rambo, and Red Dawn, which are super obvious. Bapty & Co., U.K. (who supplied arms for this show) probably have access to stuff American armorers don't.
Check out Bad Boys II, same deal. They clearly have M2 recievers (note bolted frame and cocking lever). The DShK recievers look totally different. That's why I add both pictures, so you can see how different they are.
First, look at the belt box. It is clearly a metal box. DShKs have snail shaped models. Also note the rounded site on the reciever of the M2. Note how it is clearly seen on the guns in the film, a DShK completely lacks this. Just compare and you'll see.