A bi-tone Heckler & Koch USP was used by Daniel Graystone and the Zoe Avatar in the U-87 Cylon body in Season One, Episode Seven, "Ghosts in the Machine."
Walther P38
In Season One, Episode Seven, "Ghosts in the Machine", Heracles is seen carrying a Walther P-38 into New Cap City. Joseph Adama calls it a "small gun."
Colt Python
A pair of Colt Python revolvers (.357 Magnum) are carried by Joseph Adama and Emmanuelle into the burlesque club in Season One, Episode Seven, "Ghosts in the Machine."
Submachine Guns
MP-40
Intratec TEC-9
Assault Rifles
SA-80
An SA-80 can be seen in the hands of a Caprican police officer at the memorial to the maglev bombing in the Season One, Episode One, "Rebirth." The SA-80 was previously shown in Battlestar Galactica to be the standard-issue assault rifle of the Colonial Armed Forces.
Unknown assault rifle
An unknown kind of assault rifle (probably a mock-up created by the studio armorer) being repeatedly stripped and re-assembled by the Zoe Avatar in the U-87 Cylon body in Season One, Episode Seven, "Ghosts in the Machine."