The Heckler & Koch Mk 23 Mod 0 is used by John Connor (Christian Bale) as his sidearm throughout the movie. He notably makes a tactical transition from his HK416 to his Mk 23 while engaging Hydrobots and then levels it at Marcus Wright, who emerged from the same water.
Heckler & Koch HK416
The Heckler & Koch HK416 is used by John Connor (Christian Bale) for much of the film. The 416 is fitted with a C-More red dot sight, and a Surefire Millennium Universal Weaponlight on the right rail.
DSA SA58 OSW
A DSA SA58 OSW is used by Captain Jericho (Terry Crews). The DS Arms SA58 OSW is a short barreled, modern version of the FN FAL .308 battle rifle.
M60D
M60Ds are seen mounted on all the Huey helicopters and when John Connor is attacked by a T-600 he uses one from a downed Huey to shoot at it's head. John later uses one to fire at Marcus Wright when he escapes from the Resistance Compound.
Moto-Terminator
A new menace for the humans, this is a motorcycle based terminator with auto lowering miniguns on its sides. A pair of Browning M1919s are also visible on the side. Its almost positive that there is another Minigun and another pair of Brownings on the other side.
Stand-alone M203 launcher
The T-600 (Brian Steele) has an M203 stand alone grenade launcher along with an Minigun mounted on him. John Connor and Kyle Reese (Anton Yelchin) both use this during the scene in Skynet.
The rounds used by Connor looked to possibly be MEI HELLHOUNDs; four are stowed on Connor's left forearm but couldn't be readily identified for certain. The rounds used by Brian Steele and the method of reloading were not shown or clearly visible.
M4 with M26 12 Gauge Modular Accessory Shotgun System
Seen used by the T-600 Terminator (or 700, which one is the crude "skin job" that's easy to spot?)
T-600. Quoted from Kyle Reese (Michael Biehn) from the first movie: "The 600 series had rubber skin. We spotted them easy, but these are new (referring to the T-800 "Arnold" model). They look human... sweat, bad breath, everything. Very hard to spot. I had to wait till he moved on you before I could zero on him." --Clutch 02:05, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
This weapon is seen mounted on the Black Hawk helicopter near the end of the film.