Sandro (Jose Pablo Cantillo) dual wields Beretta 93R pistols during the brain data heist. They seem to be modified to attach to his chest rig/gauntlets. The pistols have been converted to fully automatic fire instead of the standard 3-round burst.
Drake (Brandon Auret) and Crowe (Josh Blacker) carry futuristic sidearms which appear to be props, and not based on any real-world design. Human Elysium security forces are also armed with the pistol.
Rifles / Carbines
Cousar Crowe Assault Rifle
The Cousar Crowe is a fictional assault rifle carried by Elysium security droids, human security, and also by Drake (Brandon Auret). According to the official site, it is a 40 kg anti-material rifle firing .22 caliber hyper-velocity rounds. According to the prop itself, it is made in Brazil and fires 5.25x25mm electro-chemically propelled rounds. The movie itself treats it as a big standard assault rifle that is neither heavy nor particularly powerful.
Colt Model 723
When Spyder's men are prepping shuttles several of them have AR-15 variants, only one of which can be identified as a Colt Model 723.
Colt Model 733
A Colt Model 733 with an A1E1 upper, aluminium stock, a woodland camo finish, RIS handguard, and a vertical foregrip is seen held by a sentry at the entrance of Spyder's hideout. Another sentry seen a bit later seems to have the same weapon.
AKM
Manuel (Adrian Holmes) gives Max De Costa (Matt Damon) a modified AKM before the brain data heist. The rifle is loaded with fictional 7.62x39mm airburst munitions, and is fitted with an advanced (and fictional) computerized targeting system that includes a holosight, aiming laser, and rangefinder. The targeting system allows the operator to determine the range at which the airburst munition will detonate, similar to the real-life XM25. Before Max can use the rifle during the heist, it jams and he gives to Julio (Diego Luna), who clears the jam.
Vektor R5
Manuel (Adrian Holmes) carries a well-worn and taped up Vektor R5 assault rifle during the data heist, although he doesn't fire it. He is later seen with the rifle after the Spider's resistance forces land on Elysium.
ChemRail
Max De Costa (Matt Damon) grabs a fictional "ChemRail" rifle during the fight in the Elysium armory. Drake (Brandon Auret) also uses one of these rifles in the film. The ChemRail has a high rate of fire, and its high-velocity rounds rip right through walls and shred enemies. The weapon has a blazing rate of fire, and instead of changing magazines, Max just grabs another ChemRail rifle from the armory after the first one runs out of ammo. According to the official site, it fires 8.75x52mm FSDRAS (Fin Stabilized, Discarding Rail Accelerator Sabot) rounds with a muzzle energy of 18 kilojoules. It is a dual-stage weapon, using chemical propellant first and then electro-magnetic rails as the second stage.
FN SCAR-L
Julio (Diego Luna) uses a FN SCAR-L assault rifle with the stock and forend wrapped in cloth during the brain data heist. He gives the rifle to Max De Costa (Matt Damon), after Max discards his custom AKM. Its 5.56x45mm ammunition, unlike the AKM's airbust rounds, prove highly ineffective against the security droids.
Norinco Type 56
A henchman carries a milled receiver Norinco Type 56 with the stock removed and black tape wrapped around the handguard in some scenes.
Colt M4A1
One of Spyder's henchman holds an M4A1 carbine when Max returns to the hideout.
Colt Model 933
One of Spyder's henchman carries a Colt Model 933 fitted with a RIS handgaurd and a suppressor in the hideout.
Norinco QBZ-97B
One of the resistance fighters who accompanies Spyder to Elysium carries a Norinco QBZ-97B.
Shotguns
Custom Remington 870
Manuel (Adrian Holmes) gives Max De Costa (Matt Damon) a customized Remington 870 before the brain data heist. The Remington is fitted with a short barrel, M4-style stock and pistol grip, shell holder, a doorbreaching muzzle device, and a taped up Surefire weaponlight foregrip. Max uses the weapon to fire a guided high-explosive round, that is then remotely triggered. He then ditches the weapon, and it is not seen again.
Machine Guns
Fictional door gun
A door gun is mounted on the R-165 Raven Assault VTOL that Agent Kruger (Sharlto Copley) and his men ride, and on an Elysium Homeland Defense Force helicopter.
FN Minimi SPW (Knight's Armament ChainSAW Mock-Up)
Manuel (Adrian Holmes) uses an FN Minimi SPW fitted with a suppressor, an M203A1, and mocked up to look like a KAC ChainSAW (a modified Stoner 96 LMG with chainsaw grips, Cobray flare launcher, and suppressor) during the brain data heist. He also appears to have a camera device attached to the weapon and linked with his helmet display, as he is seen firing the weapon wildly from cover while looking in the opposite direction.
Launchers
4Sure Ballistics Missile Launcher
Kruger (Sharlto Copley) uses the 4Sure Ballistics Missile Launcher, a surface-to-space missile launcher that looks similar to a M202A1 FLASH. It fires ground-to-space missiles at over 518 kilometers per second, or 45 times escape velocity with an effective range in excess of 15,000 kilometers. The official site implies that the weapon uses a non-nuclear thermal grenade warhead, the NT-RU735, with a megaton-level explosive yield. However, the movie depicts the missiles as simple kinetic-impact rounds.
M203A1 grenade launcher
An M203A1 grenade launcher is custom-fitted to Manuel's FN Minimi SPW. Pulling the launcher's trigger with the ammo box still attached to the Minimi SPW would probably be quite difficult for an operator with small hands and/or short fingers due to the size of the box.
Sky Sweeper grenade launcher
John Carlyle's (William Fichtner) security droids carry Sky Sweeper grenade launchers mounted on their Crowe assault rifles. According to the official site, the device is a 15kg, 25mm caliber missile launcher that fires anti-air rounds at escape velocity, and is able to engage targets on Earth from the Moon. In the actual movie, the weapon appears closer to 40mm caliber and suffers from Video Game Grenade Launcher Syndrome, turning the supposedly-powerful weapon into an inaccurate dumbfire weapon whose rounds do zero damage. However, only Carlyle's droids ever carry the launcher, suggesting that it may well add a good deal of weight to the rifle it is mounted on. The design seems to be based on the Metal Storm 3GL as it's able to fire rounds one after the other from the same barrel without a magazine feed system.
Multiple Launch Rocket System
A fictional sci-fi MLRS is seen on the R-165 Raven Assault VTOL.
Less-Than-Lethal
Taser Carbine
A fictional 'taser carbine' is briefly seen used by a Homeland Defense Force droid when detaining illegal immigrants. These tasers appear to fire bolts of electricity rather than the electrode darts used by modern tasers. They seem to be built off Cousar Crowe assault rifles as a base, much like alternate weapon systems that use modern day AR-15s as a base.
Taser Pistol
Fictional sci-fi taser pistols are used by Drake (Brandon Auret) and Crowe (Josh Blacker) after the VTOL crash. Like the taser carbines, it appears to fire bolts of electricity.
Explosives
Grenade
An unknown model of hand grenade is used by one of Carlyle's security droids. Similar grenades are used by Drake (Brandon Auret), and one is used by Kruger (Sharlto Copley) during the finale. Max uses a different grenade on Agent Kruger's VTOL, after taking it from one of Spyder's henchmen. The grenades appear to be a "futurised" fragmentation grenade, with the general shape of a modern smoke grenade. If you look closely, you can see tiny grooves in the casing, suggesting a high fragment count. Max hijacks Kruger's "Raven" with an M34 "Willie Pete" white phosphorus grenade that would have incinerated the entire flight cabin.