The Terrorists in Uganda and the guards of the Nambutu Embassy can be seen using what appear to be Romanian WASR-3 assault rifles, a 5.56x45mm AK variant that looks similar to the AK-74.
The Miami Airport security guards use second generation Glock 17s.
Heckler & Koch UMP
There are two appearances of UMPs in the film, the first seen are the UMP .40 S&W variants seen used by two of Gettler's thugs, fitted with vertical grips, red-dot sights, and suppressors. They use them to try and kill Bond, but miss. James Bond (Daniel Craig) then uses a suppressed 9mm version of the UMP to wound Mr. White (Jesper Christensen) at the end of the movie.
The Main Weapon of 007 throughout the whole movie. It is seen with and without a silencer. Both live Walthers and PAK Umarex Walthers were used during production with custom made silencers.
Star Ultrastar
Dryden (Malcolm Sinclair) used a Star Ultrastar. He was Section Chief in Prague, Czech Republic, before he was killed by James Bond, due to his secret-selling.
The Police at the Miami Airport can be seen using M4A1 carbines.
This is a 654 commando, not an M4A1.
I have the movie on DVD, and I can say that they definitely have flattop receivers (albeit with the carry handle left on), the newer-style six-position telescoping stocks (which the 654s don't have), and M4-style barrels. However, the barrels look a bit long to me...almost like 16" instead of 14.5", so they might actually be a civilian variant converted to auto.
Jericho 941
Gettler uses a two-tone Jericho 941 (with a stainless frame and black slide) during his battle against Bond.
SIG-Sauer P226
Gettler's thugs use SIG-Sauer P226 pistols with suppressors.