Yves Massarde (Lambert Wilson) gives a matched pair of Flintlock Pistols to General Zateb Kazim (Lennie James) at his palace. They are a dueling set with silver caps at the bottom of the grips and have other inlaid silver accents. It is mentioned that they were formerly the property of "General Mayenne" causing Kazim to quip that they must have killed 'The Comte de Vézelay' (French for The Count of Vézelay, in the Bourgogne region of France. Though there is no famous Count from that area, it is most known for holding the abbey where the bones of Mary Magdalene were brought).
Submachine Guns
Sterling SMG
A Sterling SMG is seen held by Tuareg horsemen in the desert.
Rifles
Heckler & Koch G36K
The Heckler & Koch G36K is carried by one of Yves Massarde's guards and one of Kazim's soldiers in the climax.
Norinco Type 56-1
The Norinco Type 56-1 under-folding stock rifle, the Chinese version of the AKS-47, can be seen in use throughout the film. Mostly a mix with other AK types, carried by Kazim's troops.
The Colt M4A1 Carbine can be seen in the hands of one of Kazim's soldiers, riding in the pickup truck that takes handcuffed Dirk Pitt and Al Giordino across the desert.
AK-47
Modibo (Paulin Fodouop), one of the Tuareg fighters who help Pitt and Giordino raid the solar plant, carries what appears to be an original milled receiver AK-47.
AKM
Mixed in amongst the AK-47 rifles are AKMs, many of which are modified with 'tribal' decorations.
FN FAL
The FN FAL is seen carried by General Zateb Kazim's armored troops during the final battle (in addition to the plethora of AK-47 type rifles). They look to be the solid metric style front sight block, however the barrels seem shorter than usual, so the exact model is unknown, but they appear to be metric FALs.
L1A1
The L1A1 with a scope is used by a Mali sniper, but later commandeered by Al Giordino (Steve Zahn).
Romanian WASR-3
It appears that Al Giordino's rifle during a desert battle is a Romanian WASR-3 rifle built at the S.C. Uzinele Mecanice Cugir S.A. (Cugir Factory) in Romania. The weapon probably came from a foreign armory, but for the purposes of identification, the U.S. version of the Romanian .223 AK will be identified. The Romanians exported a series of three AK type rifles called the SAR series.
The SAR-1 was 7.62x39mm, the SAR-2 was 5.45x39mm and the SAR-3 was 5.56x45mm. Then a later variant was imported, the WASR. The WASR was essentially the same firearm, but with a lower grade of fit and finish (The original WASRs were imported to take only single-stack magazines (to please BATF) and the wholesalers opened up the mag well to take standard magazines and replaced some of the parts with U.S.-made parts to make them legal). Like the SAR series, the WASR-1 was 7.62x39mm, the WASR-2 was 5.45x39mm and the WASR-3 was 5.56x45mm. However, the SAR-3 rifle has the original AK-74 style gas block, the WASR-3 has a modified AKM style gas block and blonde wood. Both the SAR-3 and the WASR-3 take the ROMAK 223 magazine (Wieger style). This rifle is set up with the Wieger style magazine. Al Giordino's rifle is a WASR-3 (or the European equivalent) and of course, his is fully automatic. It looks to be the same rifle used in the movie Casino Royale since Sascha Robey was the armorer for both movies.
Civil War Rifles
Seen in the historical flashback sequence at the beginning of the film, many rifles are seen from a distance, but it is hard to identify them since the battle is at night and the only time we see long rifles, the soldiers holding them being blown up by cannon fire.
Shotguns
Unknown Pump-Action Shotgun
When Kazim's troops are mobilizing, a soldier walks by carrying a pump-action shotgun of a yet undetermined make and model.
Machine Guns
M249 SAW
The M249 SAW is seen carried by General Zateb Kazim's armored troops during the final battle, identified from the Minimi due to heat shield and solid stock.
FN MAG 58
The FN MAG 58 machine guns are seen mounted on pickup trucks and boats, all manned by Kazim's troops.
PKM
Kazim's soldiers are seen holding PKM machine guns.
Browning M2HB
The Browning M2HB is mounted on the APCs used by Kazim's armored troops.