The infamous rifle allegedly used by Oswald is the Carcano M91/38. In several flashbacks, it's seen fired not only by Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oldman), but a fake Oswald (Frank Whaley) as well. Both Lou Ivan (Jay O. Sanders) and Jim Garrison are seen holding it while sitting in the depository window.
M1903 Springfield
The Cuban rebels who are trained by the CIA are seen carrying M1903 Springfield rifles during their drills. Lee Harvey Oswald appears to be cleaning a disassembled Springfield when he's greeted by Willie O'Keefe (Kevin Bacon).
M1903 Springfield A1 USMC with 8x Unertl scope
During Garrison's explanation of the assassination, a killer's team "ACME" uses what appears to be a M1903A1 Springfield with Unertl 8x scope to fire at the President.
Winchester Model 70
During Garrison's explanation of the assassination, the "Grassy Knoll" shooter appears to be armed with a Winchester Model 70.
Handguns
Colt M1911A1
The M1911A1 is seen on a dresser in the apartment of David Ferrie (Joe Pesci). When Garrison explains a theory regarding the shooting of Officer J.D. Tippit, a gunman is seen using what appears to be an M1911A1 on the Dallas policeman.
Colt Cobra
Jack Ruby (Brian Doyle-Murray) uses what appears to be a Colt Cobra to assassinate Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oldman). The Colt Cobra was the revolver used by the real Ruby.
Colt Detective Special
As Garrison explains the government's theory of how a police officer was murdered, Lee Harvey Oswald (Gary Oldman) is seen using what appears to be a Colt Detective Special to murder Officer J.D. Tippit. In reality, Oswald was said to have used a Smith & Wesson Military and Police "Victory" model revolver he got through mail-order from a magazine. A federal agent raiding a rebel training camp also carries the revolver.
Smith & Wesson Military and Police Revolver
A Smith & Wesson Military & Police appears to be the revolver carried by officers of the Dallas Police Department. Officer Baker is seen pulling his revolver when confronting Oswald at the Book Depository. Officer Tippit appears to be pull this revolver when confronted by Oswald.
Lou Ivan (Jay O. Sanders) appears to be carry a Smith & Wesson Model 36 in his hip holster while speaking with Garrison at the beginning of the film about Oswald's Carcano.
Shotguns
Ithaca 37
When Garrison goes to visit Willie O'Keefe (Kevin Bacon) in prison, some of the guards in the field are armed with Ithaca 37 shotguns.
Submachine Guns
M1A1 Thompson
In a flashback, David Ferrie (Joe Pesci) is seen firing an M1A1 Thompson as he trains Cuban rebels.