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A Twelve-Year Night: Difference between revisions
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The film is about the 12-year incarceration of members of the Tupamaros, a left-wing urban guerrilla group active in the 1960s and 1970s, 9 of whom were held as "hostages" between 1972 and 1985. | The film is about the 12-year incarceration of members of the Tupamaros, a left-wing urban guerrilla group active in the 1960s and 1970s, 9 of whom were held as "hostages" between 1972 and 1985. | ||
As a result, several characters are dramatizations of real people. Among them | As a result, several characters are dramatizations of real people. Among them is José Mujica, who became the 40th President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. | ||
{{Film Title}} | {{Film Title}} | ||
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[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-7.jpg|thumb|none|400px|David Cámpora wielding an M1911A1.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-7.jpg|thumb|none|400px|David Cámpora wielding an M1911A1.]] | ||
==Beretta | ==Beretta 92FS Inox== | ||
During a Christmas holiday ''asado'' (Uruguayan and Argentinian BBQ), Uruguayan soldiers are seen celebrating, and one shoots skyward with a [[Beretta | During a Christmas holiday ''asado'' (Uruguayan and Argentinian BBQ), Uruguayan soldiers are seen celebrating, and one shoots skyward with a [[Beretta 92FS Inox]]. It is highly unlikely that a soldier carried this particular handgun back then, as the Beretta 92 has never been standard-issue in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, not to mention the use of the 92FS Inox in this film is anachronistic as the model was not introduced until 1990. | ||
[[File:Inoxflipside.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Beretta 92FS Inox (flip side) - 9x19mm.]] | [[File:Inoxflipside.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Beretta 92FS Inox (flip side) - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightBeretta92Inox.jpg.jpg|thumb|none|400px|A Uruguayan soldier celebrates by shooting his Beretta | [[File:ATwelveYearNightBeretta92Inox.jpg.jpg|thumb|none|400px|A Uruguayan soldier celebrates by shooting his Beretta 92FS Inox.]] | ||
==DGFM HP-35== | ==DGFM HP-35== | ||
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[[File:ColtModeloArgentino1895.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Colt Modelo Argentino 1895 - .38 Long Colt.]] | [[File:ColtModeloArgentino1895.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Colt Modelo Argentino 1895 - .38 Long Colt.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Montevideo Police Officer aiming his Smith & Wesson Model 10 at a young José Mujica.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Montevideo Police Officer aiming his Smith & Wesson Model 10 at a young José Mujica.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-2.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Montevideo Police Officer walking slowly | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-2.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Montevideo Police Officer walking slowly toward the severely-wounded Mujica.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-3.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Montevideo Police Officer fires at Mujica.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-3.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Montevideo Police Officer fires at Mujica.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-4.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Close up of the Smith & Wesson Model 10.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-4.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Close up of the Smith & Wesson Model 10.]] | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Historically, the Uzi was used and smuggled by Tupamaros from Uruguay into Brazil, in solidarity to help Brazilian rebels in Porto Alegre (as did Raúl Sendic to help Leonel Brizola). It was seen as a weapon of choice for | Historically, the Uzi was used and smuggled by Tupamaros from Uruguay into Brazil, in solidarity to help Brazilian rebels in Porto Alegre (as did Raúl Sendic to help Leonel Brizola). It was seen as a weapon of choice for guerrilla fighters due to how easily concealed it was. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
The Uzi is still in use in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, in the full-sized Uzi, Mini Uzi and Micro Uzi variants. It is used in small numbers in the Air Force, by helicopter crews destined | The Uzi is still in use in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, in the full-sized Uzi, Mini Uzi and Micro Uzi variants. It is used in small numbers in the Air Force, by helicopter crews destined for the Congo and Eritrea, and also by the Navy, together with SECRON (Reconnaissance Section). | ||
[[File:Uzi-1.jpg |thumb|none|400px|IMI Uzi with buttstock extended - 9x19mm]] | [[File:Uzi-1.jpg |thumb|none|400px|IMI Uzi with buttstock extended - 9x19mm]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-1.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers in a military truck escorting prisoners and wielding their Uzis.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-1.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers in a military truck escorting prisoners and wielding their Uzis.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-2.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers in a military truck escorting prisoners and wielding their Uzis.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-2.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers in a military truck escorting prisoners and wielding their Uzis.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-3.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers conducting a raid on the house of journalist and notary Luis Martinera, armed with | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-3.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers conducting a raid on the house of journalist and notary Luis Martinera, armed with Uzis and FMAP FALs.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-4.jpg |thumb|none|400px|The soldiers take advantage of the compact Uzis in a CQB environment | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-4.jpg |thumb|none|400px|The soldiers take advantage of the compact Uzis in a CQB environment during the raid on Martinera's home.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-5.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Luis Martinera (Álvaro Armand Ugón), Uruguayan journalist and notary, killed in his own home during the raid, clutching an Uzi that was planted on him after his death to justify the massacre.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-5.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Luis Martinera (Álvaro Armand Ugón), Uruguayan journalist and notary, killed in his own home during the raid, clutching an Uzi that was planted on him after his death to justify the massacre.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-6.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldier (Agustín Pérez) aiming his Uzi at the ceiling, suspecting Tupamaros hiding there.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-6.jpg |thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldier (Agustín Pérez) aiming his Uzi at the ceiling, suspecting Tupamaros hiding there.]] | ||
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Without a good look at the receiver or trigger, it is difficult to tell which variant is being used at any given time, since the STAR Z-62 variants differ mostly in internal mechanisms, with minor external changes. | Without a good look at the receiver or trigger, it is difficult to tell which variant is being used at any given time, since the STAR Z-62 variants differ mostly in internal mechanisms, with minor external changes. | ||
[[File:Star z62.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Star Z-62 - 9x23mm Largo]] | [[File:Star z62.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Star Z-62 - 9x23mm Largo]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers prepare to enter the station, armed with STAR Z-62s.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers prepare to enter the station, armed with STAR Z-62s.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-2.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers with Z-62s]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-2.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers with Z-62s]] | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
More than 7,000 [[M1 Carbine]]s were acquired by Uruguay from 1942 until 1976, through an agreement with a United States military equipment supply system. In the Uruguayan Armed Forces, the M1 Carbine was used in conjunction with the M1 Garand, as the official service rifle | More than 7,000 [[M1 Carbine]]s were acquired by Uruguay from 1942 until 1976, through an agreement with a United States military equipment supply system. In the Uruguayan Armed Forces, the M1 Carbine was used in conjunction with the M1 Garand, as the official service rifle from the 1950s and well into the 1990s, when it was fully phased out by the FMAP FAL. It is currently in reserve, still in use for National Army recruit training, although 6,000 stockpiled M1 Carbines were to be returned to the United States as of 2007. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
The Uruguayan Armed Forces began phasing out the old M1 Garand and M1 Carbines in favor of the FAL, which was adopted in the 1950s and used well into 2008, when it began being phased out by the Steyr AUG A2 and AK-101/102. The Uruguayan military has always used Argentine-made FALs. | The Uruguayan Armed Forces began phasing out the old M1 Garand and M1 Carbines in favor of the FAL, which was adopted in the 1950s and used well into 2008, when it began being phased out by the [[Steyr AUG A2]] and [[AK-101|AK-101/102]]. The Uruguayan military has always used Argentine-made FALs. | ||
[[File:FMAP-FAL-ARGENTINA.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Argentine DGFM FMAP-FAL - 7.62x51mm NATO]] | [[File:FMAP-FAL-ARGENTINA.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Argentine DGFM FMAP-FAL - 7.62x51mm NATO]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldier with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung, pushing Mauricio "El Ruso" ("The Russian") Rosencof to see his family during a prison visit.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldier with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung, pushing Mauricio "El Ruso" ("The Russian") Rosencof to see his family during a prison visit.]] | ||
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[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-3.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Corporal "Sapito" (Lisandro Fiks) leaves with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-3.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Corporal "Sapito" (Lisandro Fiks) leaves with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-4.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers inside a military truck, holding their FMAP FALs.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-4.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers inside a military truck, holding their FMAP FALs.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-5.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers with FMAP FALs and IMI | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-5.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers with FMAP FALs and IMI Uzis, conducting a raid on a Tupamaro hideout.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-7.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers aiming their FMAP FALs as they prepare to storm the Tupamaro hideout.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-7.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers aiming their FMAP FALs as they prepare to storm the Tupamaro hideout.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-11.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Close-up of a FMAP FAL during the raid. An | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-11.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Close-up of a FMAP FAL during the raid. An Uzi can be seen in the background.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-12.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers aim their FMAP FALs and | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-12.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers aim their FMAP FALs and Uzis during the raid.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-15.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers firing his FAMP FAL during the raid.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-15.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldiers firing his FAMP FAL during the raid.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-8.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldier wielding a FMAP FAL.]] | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-8.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Uruguayan soldier wielding a FMAP FAL.]] | ||
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[[M16A1]]s can be seen during news footage clips of the Vietnam War. | [[M16A1]]s can be seen during news footage clips of the Vietnam War. | ||
[[File:M16A1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M16A1 with 20 round magazine - 5.56x45mm]] | [[File:M16A1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M16A1 with 20 round magazine - 5.56x45mm]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|US soldier hurrying to a Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|US soldier hurrying to a Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter with his M16A1 shoulder-slung.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-2.jpg|thumb|none|400px|ARVN Vietnamese soldier | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-2.jpg|thumb|none|400px|ARVN Vietnamese soldier carrying an M16A1.]] | ||
[[Category:Movie]] | [[Category:Movie]] | ||
Revision as of 17:38, 1 July 2020
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A Twelve-Year Night (Spanish: La noche de 12 años) is a 2018 Uruguayan drama film directed by Álvaro Brechner. It premiered in Official Selection at the 75th Venice International Film Festival, and it was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film won the Golden Pyramid Award at the 40th Cairo International Film Festival.
The film is about the 12-year incarceration of members of the Tupamaros, a left-wing urban guerrilla group active in the 1960s and 1970s, 9 of whom were held as "hostages" between 1972 and 1985.
As a result, several characters are dramatizations of real people. Among them is José Mujica, who became the 40th President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015.
The following weapons were used in the film A Twelve-Year Night:
Handguns
Colt M1911A1
The Colt M1911A1 is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters.
The M1911A1 was adopted by the Uruguayan Armed Forces in the 1960s and remained in service until it was replaced by the Glock 17.
Judging by their finish and barrel markings, the models used in the film could be Argentine-licensed DGFM Sistema Colt Modelo Argentino 1927 stand-ins, although it is difficult to notice.
Beretta 92FS Inox
During a Christmas holiday asado (Uruguayan and Argentinian BBQ), Uruguayan soldiers are seen celebrating, and one shoots skyward with a Beretta 92FS Inox. It is highly unlikely that a soldier carried this particular handgun back then, as the Beretta 92 has never been standard-issue in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, not to mention the use of the 92FS Inox in this film is anachronistic as the model was not introduced until 1990.
DGFM HP-35
DGFM HP-35 pistols (Browning Hi-Power pistols built under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares of Argentina) are seen in the Tupamaro hideout next to some M1 Carbines.
In 1979, the Uruguayan Armed Forces acquired the 9mm DGFM HP-35 from Argentina. It is currently being phased out in favor of the Glock 17.
Revolvers
Smith & Wesson Model 10
Uruguayan Montevideo Police carry .38 Special Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolvers as their standard-issue firearm.
This particular revolver, the backbone of many police forces around the world, was also widely used in Uruguay at the time.
There is a possibility that the revolvers in the film could also be Argentine-licensed Colt Modelo Argentino 1895 stand-ins.
Smith & Wesson Victory Model
After raiding the house of Uruguayan journalist and notary Luis Martinera, where Tupamaros are hiding out, military intelligence officers plant false evidence to justify their violent actions. A Smith & Wesson Victory Model is planted on the dead body of Ivette, who is killed in cold blood when coming out of the house without uttering a single word.
Submachine Guns
IMI Uzi
The IMI Uzi is used by Uruguayan soldiers. Soldiers in the film mostly use them with the buttstock extended.
Historically, the Uzi was used and smuggled by Tupamaros from Uruguay into Brazil, in solidarity to help Brazilian rebels in Porto Alegre (as did Raúl Sendic to help Leonel Brizola). It was seen as a weapon of choice for guerrilla fighters due to how easily concealed it was.
The Uzi is still in use in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, in the full-sized Uzi, Mini Uzi and Micro Uzi variants. It is used in small numbers in the Air Force, by helicopter crews destined for the Congo and Eritrea, and also by the Navy, together with SECRON (Reconnaissance Section).
STAR Z-62/Z-63/Z-70
The STAR Z-62 submachine gun (developed by the Spanish arms manufacturer STAR Bonifacio Echeverría S.A. in 1962), is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters.
The STAR Model Z-63 and Z-70 variants were adopted by the Police and the Armed Forces of Uruguay, including the National Army of Uruguay and the Uruguayan Naval Prefecture. They are still currently in service, even among Army battalions.
Without a good look at the receiver or trigger, it is difficult to tell which variant is being used at any given time, since the STAR Z-62 variants differ mostly in internal mechanisms, with minor external changes.
Carbines
M1 Carbine
The US M1 Carbine is used by the Tupamaro freedom fighters. The ones in the film appear to be post-WWII models, as can be easily noticed by their bayonet lugs.
More than 7,000 M1 Carbines were acquired by Uruguay from 1942 until 1976, through an agreement with a United States military equipment supply system. In the Uruguayan Armed Forces, the M1 Carbine was used in conjunction with the M1 Garand, as the official service rifle from the 1950s and well into the 1990s, when it was fully phased out by the FMAP FAL. It is currently in reserve, still in use for National Army recruit training, although 6,000 stockpiled M1 Carbines were to be returned to the United States as of 2007.
The M1 Carbine was widely used by left-wing guerrilla movements throughout Latin America.
Assault Rifles
DGFM FMAP FAL/FM FAL Standard
The Argentine version of the FN FAL, known as the FMAP FAL ("Fábrica Militar de Armas Portátiles" FAL) or FM FAL Standard, made under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM), is used exclusively by Uruguayan soldiers in the film.
The Uruguayan Armed Forces began phasing out the old M1 Garand and M1 Carbines in favor of the FAL, which was adopted in the 1950s and used well into 2008, when it began being phased out by the Steyr AUG A2 and AK-101/102. The Uruguayan military has always used Argentine-made FALs.
M16A1
M16A1s can be seen during news footage clips of the Vietnam War.
