Error creating thumbnail: File missing Join our Discord! |
If you have been locked out of your account you can request a password reset here. |
Teheran 43: Difference between revisions
(12 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Teheran 43 Poster.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Teheran 43'' (1981).]] | [[File:Teheran 43 Poster.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''Teheran 43'' (1981).]] | ||
'''''Teheran 43''''' is a 1981 USSR-France-Switzerland film by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov. It was distributed in Russian under the title '''''Tegeran-43''''', in English as '''''Teheran 43: Spy Ring''''' and '''''Assassination Attempt''''' (the title of the TV version), in French as '''''Téhéran 43, nid d'espions'''''. The story takes place in Teheran during the Teheran Conference of 1943 when German agents planned to assassinate the Big Three - Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt - and 37 years later in Paris where several heroes and antiheroes meet again. | '''''Teheran 43''''' is a 1981 USSR-France-Switzerland film by Aleksandr Alov and [[Vladimir Naumov]]. It was distributed in Russian under the title '''''Tegeran-43''''', in English as '''''Teheran 43: Spy Ring''''' and '''''Assassination Attempt''''' (the title of the TV version), in French as '''''Téhéran 43, nid d'espions'''''. The story takes place in Teheran during the Teheran Conference of 1943 when German agents planned to assassinate the Big Three - Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt - and 37 years later in Paris where several heroes and antiheroes meet again. | ||
'''The following weapons are seen in the movie ''Teheran 43:''''' | '''The following weapons are seen in the movie ''Teheran 43:''''' | ||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
__TOC__<br clear="all"> | __TOC__<br clear="all"> | ||
= Revolvers = | |||
== Nagant M1895 short-barreled revolver == | |||
One of the German agents ([[Georges Géret]]) uses a short [[Nagant Revolver|Nagant M1895]] revolver hidden inside a camera while training for the assassination attempt in 1943. This is a custom version with a very short barrel (shorter than the "standard" short Nagant). Snub nose Nagant is also used by Max Richard ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) during the final scene in Paris in 1980. | |||
One of the German agents ([[Georges Géret]]) uses a short [[Nagant Revolver|Nagant M1895]] revolver hidden inside a camera while training for the assassination attempt in 1943. This is a custom version with a very short barrel (shorter than the "standard" short Nagant). | [[File:Nagant_revolver_short_version.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Nagant M1895 Revolver with 3.3inch (85mm) barrel - 7.62x38N]] | ||
[[File:Nagant_revolver_short_version.jpg|thumb|none| | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Nagant short-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent disguised as a press photographer opens his camera to get his revolver out.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Nagant short-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent disguised as a press photographer opens his camera to get his revolver out.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Nagant short-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Nagant short-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Nagant short-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The agent fires his revolver.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Nagant short-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The agent fires his revolver.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 revolver-32.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard draws his revolver...]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 revolver-31.jpg|thumb|none|500px|...and holds his former boss Scherner (Albert Filozov) as a hostage.]] | |||
== | == Nagant M1895 == | ||
One of the German agents in Teheran uses | One of the German agents in Teheran uses a standard [[Nagant M1895]] revolver during the shootout in the antique shop (the other one is armed with a [[Walther P38]]). | ||
[[Image: | [[Image:Nagant-1895.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Nagant M1895 Revolver - 7.62x38N]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P38 and revolver.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The man at the left holds a Nagant.]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 revolver | |||
== | == Colt Detective Special == | ||
Police inspector Foche ([[Alain Delon]]) uses a [[Colt Detective Special]] revolver during the plane-hijacking scene in 1980. | |||
[[Image:Colt Detective Special.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Colt Detective Special 1st Gen with Round Butt - .38 Special]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 revolver-12.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Foche threatens Scherner (Albert Filozov).]] | |||
[[File:Teheran 43 revolver-12A.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A promotion still reveals the revolver as Colt Detective Special.]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 revolver-11.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Foche with his revolver in hand while negotiating with the hijackers.]] | |||
=== Luger P08 | = Pistols = | ||
== Luger P08 == | |||
Andrei ([[Igor Kostolevsky]]) uses a [[Luger P08]] pistol in Teheran. It is also the weapon of several German agents. | Andrei ([[Igor Kostolevsky]]) uses a [[Luger P08]] pistol in Teheran. It is also the weapon of several German agents. | ||
[[File:P08Luger1917.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:P08Luger1917.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Luger P08 - 9x19mm. This is a 1917 dated handgun, thus it is a World War One firearm.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P08-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Andrei ([[Igor Kostolevsky]]) fires his Luger at the German agents.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P08-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Andrei ([[Igor Kostolevsky]]) fires his Luger at the German agents.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P08-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Andrei runs with his Luger in hand.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P08-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Andrei runs with his Luger in hand.]] | ||
Line 40: | Line 39: | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P08 and Thompson.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents disguised as locals fire at the Soviet soldiers. One of them is armed with a [[Thompson Submachine Gun#M1928/M1928A1 Thompson|Thompson M1928A1]] SMG and the other with a Luger P08 pistol.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P08 and Thompson.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents disguised as locals fire at the Soviet soldiers. One of them is armed with a [[Thompson Submachine Gun#M1928/M1928A1 Thompson|Thompson M1928A1]] SMG and the other with a Luger P08 pistol.]] | ||
== Walther P38 == | |||
German agents in Teheran use [[Walther P38]] pistols. All of these pistols are nickel-plated, so it is likely that a single P38 was used in the movie. | German agents in Teheran use [[Walther P38]] pistols. All of these pistols are nickel-plated, so it is likely that a single P38 was used in the movie. A P38 is also carried by Max Richard ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) during the final scene in Paris in 1980. | ||
[[File:P38Black.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:P38Black.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Walther P38 WWII dated with black grips - 9x19mm]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P38 and revolver.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P38 and revolver.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P38-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent fires his P38 during the shootout in the antique shop.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P38-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent fires his P38 during the shootout in the antique shop.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P38-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent with his P38 after the shootout.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P38-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent ([[Ruslan Mikaberidze]]) with his P38 after the shootout.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P38-4.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent disguised as a local fires his P38.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P38-4.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent disguised as a local fires his P38.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P38-5.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Scherner's bodyguard disarms Max Richard.]] | |||
== M1911A1 == | |||
German agents and Soviet counterintelligence agency members use [[M1911A1]] pistols in Teheran. | German agents and Soviet counterintelligence agency members use [[M1911A1]] pistols in Teheran. | ||
[[File:M1911Colt.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:M1911Colt.jpg|thumb|none|350px|World War II issued Colt M1911A1 Pistol - .45 ACP]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson and M1911.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents fire at Andrei with a M1911A1 pistol and a [[ | [[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson and M1911.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents fire at Andrei with a M1911A1 pistol and a [[M1928A1 Thompson]] SMG. The screenshot is vague due to the fast movement of the car, but these weapons are easy to identify.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 M1911-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent with his M1911A1 pistol.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 M1911-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A German agent with his M1911A1 pistol.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 M1911-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A Soviet counterintelligence agent ([[Nartai Begalin]]) with his M1911A1 pistol.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 M1911-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A Soviet counterintelligence agent ([[Nartai Begalin]]) with his M1911A1 pistol.]] | ||
== TT-33 == | |||
[[Tokarev TT-33]] pistols are seen in the hands of Soviet officers in Teheran. | |||
[[File:TT-33.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:TT-33.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Tokarev TT-33 - 7.62x25mm Tokarev.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 PPSh and TT.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Soviet soldiers pursue the German agents in Teheran. A wounded officer holds his TT pistol.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 PPSh and TT.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Soviet soldiers pursue the German agents in Teheran. A wounded officer holds his TT pistol.]] | ||
== Browning Hi-Power == | |||
Max Richard's ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) personal weapon while hiding in Paris in 1980 is a [[Browning Hi-Power]] pistol. | Max Richard's ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) personal weapon while hiding in Paris in 1980 is a [[Browning Hi-Power]] pistol. | ||
[[File:BrowningHiPowerPistol9mm.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:BrowningHiPowerPistol9mm.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Classic Commercial Browning Hi-Power (Belgian Mfg) - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Hi Power-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) pulls his Hi-Power out when someone tries to open the door of his apartment.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Hi Power-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) pulls his Hi-Power out when someone tries to open the door of his apartment.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Hi Power-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard aims his pistol.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Hi Power-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard aims his pistol.]] | ||
== | == Beretta M1934 == | ||
One of the German agents ([[Georges Géret]]) pulls out | One of the German agents ([[Georges Géret]]) pulls out a pistol to threaten the Teheran photographer (who in turn shows the agent his [[FN Model 1910]]). The pistol is seen briefly but can be supposedly identified as a [[Beretta M1934]]. | ||
[[Image:Beretta Model 1934 Pistol.jpg|thumb|none|350px|Beretta Model 1934 - .380 ACP]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 pocket pistol-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 pocket pistol-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 pocket pistol-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 pocket pistol-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
== | == FN Model 1910 == | ||
Mustafa ([[Arutyun Akopyan]]), a photographer in Teheran, pulls out an [[FN Model 1910]] pistol when German agents threaten him. | |||
[[File:FN_Model_1910_1616.jpg|thumb|none|350px|FN Model 1910 .380 ACP.]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 FN 1910.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The photographer with his FN Model 1910.]] | |||
=== Thompson M1928A1 | = SMGs = | ||
== Thompson M1928A1 == | |||
[[M1928A1 Thompson]] SMGs are used by German agents in Teheran. One of the hijackers of the French airplane in 1980 is also armed with a Thompson. | [[M1928A1 Thompson]] SMGs are used by German agents in Teheran. One of the hijackers of the French airplane in 1980 is also armed with a Thompson. | ||
[[File:M1928-A1_T.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine and the early 'simplified' rear sight that would be adopted for the M1 Thompson - .45 ACP.]] | [[File:M1928-A1_T.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M1928A1 Thompson with 30-round magazine and the early 'simplified' rear sight that would be adopted for the M1 Thompson - .45 ACP.]] | ||
[[File:Thompson-M1928-7.62-MovieProp.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M1928A1 Thompson, converted for using MP40 magazines fitted for 7.62x25 blank cartridges]] | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson and M1911.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents fire an [[M1911A1]] pistol and a Thompson M1928A1 SMG at Andrei. The screenshot is vague due to the fast movement of the car, but these weapons are easy to identify.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson and M1911.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents fire an [[M1911A1]] pistol and a Thompson M1928A1 SMG at Andrei. The screenshot is vague due to the fast movement of the car, but these weapons are easy to identify.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) with his Thompson in Teheran.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson-3.jpg|thumb|none|500px|Max Richard ([[Armen Dzhigarkhanyan]]) with his Thompson in Teheran.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 P08 and Thompson.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents disguised as locals fire at the Soviet soldiers. One of them is armed with a Thompson M1928A1 SMG and the other with a [[Luger P08]] pistol.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 P08 and Thompson.jpg|thumb|none|500px|German agents disguised as locals fire at the Soviet soldiers. One of them is armed with a Thompson M1928A1 SMG and the other with a [[Luger P08]] pistol.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A hijacker ([[Aleksandr Yanvarev]]) with the Thompson is seen in the background.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A hijacker ([[Aleksandr Yanvarev]]) with the Thompson is seen in the background. His Thompson is fitted with [[MP40]] magazine.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The barrel of the | [[Image:Teheran 43 Thompson-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The barrel of the Thompson is seen near the shoulder of the young woman.]] | ||
== MP38 == | |||
One of hijackers ([[Jess Hahn]]) of the French airplane in 1980 is armed with an [[MP38]] SMG. | |||
[[File:Mp38-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|MP38 submachine gun - 9x19mm.]] | [[File:Mp38-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|MP38 submachine gun - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 MP40-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 MP40-1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 MP40-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 MP40-2.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
== FBP m/948 == | |||
Another hijacker ([[Mike Marshall]]) of the French airplane in 1980 is armed with a | Another hijacker ([[Mike Marshall]]) of the French airplane in 1980 is armed with a Portuguese [[FBP m/948]] SMG. | ||
[[File:FBP_Submachine_Gun.jpg|thumb|none|400px|FBP | [[File:FBP_Submachine_Gun.jpg|thumb|none|400px|FBP m/948 - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 M3A1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 M3A1.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
== PPSh-41 == | |||
Soviet soldiers in Teheran are armed with [[PPSh-41]] SMGs. | Soviet soldiers in Teheran are armed with [[PPSh-41]] SMGs. | ||
[[File:PPSH-01-SMG.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Soviet PPSh-41 Submachine Gun - 7.62x25mm Tokarev.]] | [[File:PPSH-01-SMG.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Soviet PPSh-41 Submachine Gun - 7.62x25mm Tokarev.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 PPSh and TT.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The screenshot is vague due to the fast movement, but the PPSh-41 is easy to identify.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 PPSh and TT.jpg|thumb|none|500px|The screenshot is vague due to the fast movement, but the PPSh-41 is easy to identify.]] | ||
== MAT-49 == | |||
Several French policemen in 1980 are seen with [[MAT-49]] SMGs. | Several French policemen in 1980 are seen with [[MAT-49]] SMGs. | ||
[[File:MAT-49.jpg|thumb|none|400px|MAT-49 Submachine Gun - 9x19mm.]] | [[File:MAT-49.jpg|thumb|none|400px|MAT-49 Submachine Gun - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 MAT-49.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A French policeman with a MAT-49 is seen in the background.]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 MAT-49.jpg|thumb|none|500px|A French policeman with a MAT-49 is seen in the background.]] | ||
== Uzi == | |||
An [[Uzi]] SMG is seen on police inspector Foche's table ([[Alain Delon]]) when he is negotiating with the hijackers in 1980. | An [[Uzi]] SMG is seen on police inspector Foche's table ([[Alain Delon]]) when he is negotiating with the hijackers in 1980. | ||
[[File:Uzi.jpg|thumb|none|400px|IMI Uzi with collapsed buttstock - 9x19mm.]] | [[File:Uzi.jpg|thumb|none|400px|IMI Uzi with collapsed buttstock - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Uzi.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Uzi.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
= Rifles = | |||
== Lee-Enfield rifle == | |||
The guards at the door of the British embassy in Teheran are armed with rifles that look like [[Lee-Enfield]]s. | |||
The guards at the door of the British embassy in Teheran are armed with rifles that look like [[ | [[File:LeeEnfield4Rifle.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Lee-Enfield No.4 Mk.I - .303 British]] | ||
[[File:LeeEnfield4Rifle.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Lee-Enfield No.4 Mk.I - .303 British | |||
[[Image:Teheran 43 Lee Enfield.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | [[Image:Teheran 43 Lee Enfield.jpg|thumb|none|500px|]] | ||
== M1 Carbine == | |||
US soldiers escorting President Roosevelt are armed with [[M1 Carbine]]s. | US soldiers escorting President Roosevelt are armed with [[M1 Carbine]]s. | ||
[[File:M1-Carbine.jpg|thumb|none|400px|World War II Era M1 Carbine, with Dark Walnut Stock, 'L' peep sight and no bayonet lug - .30 Carbine .]] | [[File:M1-Carbine.jpg|thumb|none|400px|World War II Era M1 Carbine, with Dark Walnut Stock, 'L' peep sight and no bayonet lug - .30 Carbine .]] | ||
Line 129: | Line 129: | ||
[[Category:Detective]] | [[Category:Detective]] | ||
[[Category:Espionage]] | [[Category:Espionage]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Soviet Produced]] | ||
[[Category:French Produced/Filmed]] | [[Category:French Produced/Filmed]] | ||
[[Category:Vladimir Naumov]] |
Latest revision as of 02:31, 18 December 2019
Teheran 43 is a 1981 USSR-France-Switzerland film by Aleksandr Alov and Vladimir Naumov. It was distributed in Russian under the title Tegeran-43, in English as Teheran 43: Spy Ring and Assassination Attempt (the title of the TV version), in French as Téhéran 43, nid d'espions. The story takes place in Teheran during the Teheran Conference of 1943 when German agents planned to assassinate the Big Three - Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt - and 37 years later in Paris where several heroes and antiheroes meet again.
The following weapons are seen in the movie Teheran 43:
Revolvers
Nagant M1895 short-barreled revolver
One of the German agents (Georges Géret) uses a short Nagant M1895 revolver hidden inside a camera while training for the assassination attempt in 1943. This is a custom version with a very short barrel (shorter than the "standard" short Nagant). Snub nose Nagant is also used by Max Richard (Armen Dzhigarkhanyan) during the final scene in Paris in 1980.
Nagant M1895
One of the German agents in Teheran uses a standard Nagant M1895 revolver during the shootout in the antique shop (the other one is armed with a Walther P38).
Colt Detective Special
Police inspector Foche (Alain Delon) uses a Colt Detective Special revolver during the plane-hijacking scene in 1980.
Pistols
Luger P08
Andrei (Igor Kostolevsky) uses a Luger P08 pistol in Teheran. It is also the weapon of several German agents.
Walther P38
German agents in Teheran use Walther P38 pistols. All of these pistols are nickel-plated, so it is likely that a single P38 was used in the movie. A P38 is also carried by Max Richard (Armen Dzhigarkhanyan) during the final scene in Paris in 1980.
M1911A1
German agents and Soviet counterintelligence agency members use M1911A1 pistols in Teheran.
TT-33
Tokarev TT-33 pistols are seen in the hands of Soviet officers in Teheran.
Browning Hi-Power
Max Richard's (Armen Dzhigarkhanyan) personal weapon while hiding in Paris in 1980 is a Browning Hi-Power pistol.
Beretta M1934
One of the German agents (Georges Géret) pulls out a pistol to threaten the Teheran photographer (who in turn shows the agent his FN Model 1910). The pistol is seen briefly but can be supposedly identified as a Beretta M1934.
FN Model 1910
Mustafa (Arutyun Akopyan), a photographer in Teheran, pulls out an FN Model 1910 pistol when German agents threaten him.
SMGs
Thompson M1928A1
M1928A1 Thompson SMGs are used by German agents in Teheran. One of the hijackers of the French airplane in 1980 is also armed with a Thompson.
MP38
One of hijackers (Jess Hahn) of the French airplane in 1980 is armed with an MP38 SMG.
FBP m/948
Another hijacker (Mike Marshall) of the French airplane in 1980 is armed with a Portuguese FBP m/948 SMG.
PPSh-41
Soviet soldiers in Teheran are armed with PPSh-41 SMGs.
MAT-49
Several French policemen in 1980 are seen with MAT-49 SMGs.
Uzi
An Uzi SMG is seen on police inspector Foche's table (Alain Delon) when he is negotiating with the hijackers in 1980.
Rifles
Lee-Enfield rifle
The guards at the door of the British embassy in Teheran are armed with rifles that look like Lee-Enfields.
M1 Carbine
US soldiers escorting President Roosevelt are armed with M1 Carbines.