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'''''A Twelve-Year Night''''' (Spanish: '''''La noche de 12 años''''') is a 2018 Uruguayan drama film directed by Álvaro Brechner. It premiered in Official Selection at the 75th Venice International Film Festival, and it was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. | '''''A Twelve-Year Night''''' (Spanish: '''''La noche de 12 años''''') is a 2018 Uruguayan drama film directed by Álvaro Brechner. It premiered in Official Selection at the 75th Venice International Film Festival, and it was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film won the Golden Pyramid Award at the 40th Cairo International Film Festival. | ||
The film is about the 12-year incarceration of members of the Tupamaros, a left-wing urban guerrilla group active in the 1960s and 1970s, 9 of whom were held as "hostages" between 1972 and 1985. | The film is about the 12-year incarceration of members of the Tupamaros, a left-wing urban guerrilla group active in the 1960s and 1970s, 9 of whom were held as "hostages" between 1972 and 1985. | ||
As a result, several characters are dramatizations of real people. Among them | As a result, several characters are dramatizations of real people. Among them is José Mujica, who became the 40th President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015. | ||
{{Film Title}} | {{Film Title}} | ||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
=Handguns= | =Handguns= | ||
==Colt M1911A1== | ==Colt M1911A1== | ||
The Colt M1911A1 is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters. | The [[Colt M1911A1]] is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters. | ||
The M1911A1 was adopted by the Uruguayan Armed Forces in the 1960s and remained in service until it was replaced by the Glock 17. | The M1911A1 was adopted by the Uruguayan Armed Forces in the 1960s and remained in service until it was replaced by the Glock 17. | ||
Judging by their finish and barrel markings, the models used in the film could be Argentine-licensed DGFM Sistema Colt Modelo Argentino 1927 stand-ins, although it is difficult to notice. | Judging by their finish and barrel markings, the models used in the film could be Argentine-licensed DGFM Sistema Colt Modelo Argentino 1927 stand-ins, although it is difficult to notice. | ||
[[File:M1911Colt.jpg|thumb|none|400px|World War II Colt M1911A1 - .45 ACP. This was an issued U.S. Army pistol with parkerized finish, thus the official designation of M1911A1 ]] | [[File:M1911Colt.jpg|thumb|none|400px|World War II Colt M1911A1 - .45 ACP. This was an issued U.S. Army pistol with parkerized finish, thus the official designation of M1911A1 ]] | ||
[[File:ColtModeloArgentino1927.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Colt Modelo Argentino 1927 - .45 ACP]] | [[File:ColtModeloArgentino1927.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Sistema Colt Modelo Argentino 1927 - .45 ACP]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-1.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The Military Commander (César Troncoso) aiming his M1911A1 in a close-up.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-2.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The Military Commander fires his M1911A1 at Uruguayan journalist and notary Luis Martinera.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-3.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-3.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The Military Commander aiming his M1911A1 at a blood stain on the ceiling, where wounded Tupamaros are hiding.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-4.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-4.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The Military Commander aiming his M1911A1 intently.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-5.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-5.jpg|thumb|none|600px|A young José Mujica Cordano (Antonio de la Torre) about to draw his M1911A1 when a ''tira'' (plainclothes secret police) starts asking for ID.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-6.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-6.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Mujica returns fire at Montevideo Police.]] | ||
== | ==Taurus PT92AFS== | ||
During a Christmas holiday ''asado'' (Uruguayan and Argentinian BBQ), Uruguayan soldiers are seen celebrating, and one shoots skyward with a Beretta | During a Christmas holiday ''asado'' (Uruguayan and Argentinian BBQ), Uruguayan soldiers are seen celebrating, and one shoots skyward with a modern-production model [[Taurus PT92]]AFS, identified by its characteristic wider cocking serrations on the slide, rear sight and black grip panels (which differ from those of a Beretta 92FS Inox). The depiction of this weapon in the film is highly anachronistic and inaccurate: a Uruguayan soldier would not have carried this handgun back then, as the Taurus PT92 has never been standard-issue in the Uruguayan Armed Forces; in addition, the first stainless-steel model of this weapon was not introduced until 1985 (the year the Uruguayan dictatorship was toppled), and the one depicted in the film is the more modern 2000s model. | ||
[[File: | [[File:Taurus92NoRails.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Taurus PT92AFS (modern production model without accessory rails) - 9x19mm.]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:ATwelveYearNightTaurusPT92AFS.jpg|thumb|none|600px|A Uruguayan soldier celebrates by shooting his Taurus PT92AFS.]] | ||
==DGFM HP-35== | ==DGFM HP-35== | ||
DGFM HP-35 pistols (Browning Hi-Power pistols built under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares of Argentina) are seen in the Tupamaro hideout next to some M1 | DGFM HP-35 pistols ([[Browning Hi-Power]] pistols built under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares of Argentina) are seen in the Tupamaro hideout next to some M1 Carbines. | ||
In 1979, the Uruguayan Armed Forces acquired the 9mm DGFM HP-35 from Argentina. It is currently being phased out in favor of the Glock 17. | In 1979, the Uruguayan Armed Forces acquired the 9mm DGFM HP-35 from Argentina. It is currently being phased out in favor of the Glock 17. | ||
[[Image:PC280008.jpg|thumb|none|400px|DGFM Hi-Power - | [[Image:PC280008.jpg|thumb|none|400px|DGFM Hi-Power - 9x19mm]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-1.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|DGFM HP-35s lying next to some M1 Carbines.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-2.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|DGFM HP-35s lying next to some M1 Carbines.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightColtM1911A1-7.jpg|thumb|none|600px|David Cámpora wielding a HP-35.]] | |||
=Revolvers= | =Revolvers= | ||
== | ==Smith & Wesson Model 10== | ||
Uruguayan Montevideo Police carry Smith & Wesson | Uruguayan Montevideo Police carry .38 Special [[Smith & Wesson Model 10]] revolvers as their standard-issue firearm. | ||
[[File: | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-1.jpg|thumb|none| | This particular revolver, the backbone of many police forces around the world, was also widely used in Uruguay at the time. | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-2.jpg|thumb|none| | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-3.jpg|thumb|none| | There is a possibility that the revolvers in the film could also be Argentine-licensed Colt Modelo Argentino 1895 stand-ins. | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-4.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:HA-537.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Smith & Wesson Model of 1899 M&P (1899-1902) - .38 Special.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-5.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ColtModeloArgentino1895.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Colt Modelo Argentino 1895 - .38 Long Colt.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Montevideo Police Officer aiming his Smith & Wesson Model 10 at a young José Mujica.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Montevideo Police Officer walking slowly toward the severely-wounded Mujica.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-3.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Montevideo Police Officer fires at Mujica.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-4.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Close up of the Smith & Wesson Model 10.]] | |||
==Smith & Wesson Victory Model== | |||
After raiding the house of Uruguayan journalist and notary Luis Martinera, where Tupamaros are hiding out, military intelligence officers plant false evidence to justify their violent actions. A [[Smith & Wesson Victory Model]] is planted on the dead body of Ivette, who is killed in cold blood when coming out of the house without uttering a single word. | |||
[[File:S&W-Victory-Model.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Smith & Wesson Victory Model - a modified and parkerized version of the Smith & Wesson Model 10 - this is a British "Lend Lease" version chambered in .38 S&W]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM1917-5.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Ivette Martinera (Soledad Gilmet) clutches a S&W Victory Model that was planted on her after being shot dead by Uruguayan soldiers, in order to justify the massacre.]] | |||
=Submachine Guns= | =Submachine Guns= | ||
==IMI | ==IMI Uzi== | ||
The IMI | The IMI [[Uzi]] is used by Uruguayan soldiers. Soldiers in the film mostly use them with the buttstock extended. | ||
Historically, the Uzi was used and smuggled by Tupamaros from Uruguay into Brazil, in solidarity to help Brazilian rebels in Porto Alegre (as did Raúl Sendic to help Leonel Brizola). It was seen as a weapon of choice for guerrilla fighters due to how easily concealed it was. | |||
The Uzi is still in use in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, in the full-sized Uzi, Mini Uzi and Micro Uzi variants. It is used in small numbers in the Air Force, by helicopter crews destined for the Congo and Eritrea, and also by the Navy, together with SECRON (Reconnaissance Section). | |||
[[File:Uzi-1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|IMI Uzi with buttstock extended - 9x19mm]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers in an Ural-4320 military truck escorting prisoners and wielding their Uzis. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
'''''Note:''' the depiction of the Soviet Ural-4320 (in use in Uruguay since 1994, and in large numbers since 2001) in the 1973-1985 context of the film is highly anachronistic and inaccurate, as the Ural-4320 was introduced in 1976 in the USSR; in addition, US-aligned right-wing South American military dictatorships wouldn't have used them, due to military sanctions and restrictions on Communist-bloc hardware. Uruguayan Armed Forces used the US REO M34 and M35 instead.'']] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers in an Ural-4320 military truck escorting prisoners and wielding their Uzis.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-3.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers conducting a raid on the house of journalist and notary Luis Martinera, armed with Uzis and FMAP FALs.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-4.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The soldiers take advantage of the compact Uzis in a CQB environment during the raid on Martinera's home.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-2.jpg |thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-5.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Luis Martinera (Álvaro Armand Ugón), Uruguayan journalist and notary, killed in his own home during the raid, clutching an Uzi that was planted on him after his death to justify the massacre.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-3.jpg |thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-6.jpg|thumb|none|600px|A Uruguayan soldier (Agustín Pérez) draws his Uzi, suspecting Tupamaros hiding in the ceiling]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-4.jpg |thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-7.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The Uruguayan soldier aiming his Uzi at the ceiling, suspecting Tupamaros hiding there.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-5.jpg |thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-8.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The soldier carefully aiming his Uzi at the ceiling.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-6.jpg |thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-9.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The soldier returns to the Military Commander wielding his Uzi, to inform on the suspected Tupamaros hiding.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-7.jpg |thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-10.jpg|thumb|none|600px|A soldier stands guard with his Uzi, as military intelligence officers fabricate and plant false evidence to justify the killings and arrests.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-8.jpg |thumb|none| | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-9.jpg |thumb|none| | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightUZI-10.jpg |thumb|none| | |||
==STAR Z-62/Z-63/Z-70== | ==STAR Z-62/Z-63/Z-70== | ||
The STAR | The [[Star_Z-62|STAR Z-62]] submachine gun (developed by the Spanish arms manufacturer STAR Bonifacio Echeverría S.A. in 1962), is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters. | ||
The STAR Model Z-63 and Z-70 variants were adopted by the Police and the Armed Forces of Uruguay, including the National Army of Uruguay and the Uruguayan Naval Prefecture. They are still currently in service, even among Army battalions. | |||
The | |||
Without a good look at the receiver or trigger, it is difficult to tell which variant is being used at any given time, since the STAR Z-62 variants differ mostly in internal mechanisms, with minor external changes. | Without a good look at the receiver or trigger, it is difficult to tell which variant is being used at any given time, since the STAR Z-62 variants differ mostly in internal mechanisms, with minor external changes. | ||
[[File:Star z62.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Star Z-62 - 9x23mm Largo]] | [[File:Star z62.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Star Z-62 - 9x23mm Largo]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers prepare to enter the holding cells in the military headquarters, armed with STAR Z-62s.]] | |||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-1.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldier with Z-62s]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-2.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-3.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Cámpora reaches for his Z-62.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-3.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-4.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Cámpora readies his Z-62, unwilling to go out without a fight.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-4.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-5.jpg|thumb|none|600px|After the US-backed right-wing civic-military dictatorship is toppled peacefully and democratically in 1985, the soldiers release the political prisoners. A Uruguayan soldier contemplates the scene, wielding his STAR Z-62.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-5.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-6.jpg|thumb|none|600px|A Uruguayan soldier wielding a STAR Z-62 as prisoners are released and returned to their families.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightStar_z62-6.jpg|thumb|none| | |||
=Carbines= | =Carbines= | ||
==M1 Carbine== | ==M1 Carbine== | ||
The US M1 | The US [[M1 Carbine]] is used by the Tupamaro freedom fighters. The ones in the film appear to be post-WWII models, as can be easily noticed by their bayonet lugs. | ||
More than 7,000 [[M1 Carbine]]s were acquired by Uruguay from 1942 until 1976, through an agreement with a United States military equipment supply system. In the Uruguayan Armed Forces, the M1 Carbine was used in conjunction with the M1 Garand, as the official service rifle from the 1950s and well into the 1990s, when it was fully phased out by the FMAP FAL. It is currently in reserve, still in use for National Army recruit training, although 6,000 stockpiled M1 Carbines were to be returned to the United States as of 2007. | |||
More than 7,000 M1 | |||
[[File:M1c.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M1 | The M1 Carbine was widely used by left-wing guerrilla movements throughout Latin America. | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-1.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:M1c.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M1 Carbine (Post-War) - .30 Carbine]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-2.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|M1 Carbines lying next to some HP-35s.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-3.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|M1 Carbines lying next to some HP-35s.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-4.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-3.jpg|thumb|none|600px|M1 Carbine seen in the background to the right. To the left, the flag of the Tupamaro revolutionaries can be seen.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-5.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-4.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro (Alfonso Tort) holds his M1 Carbine during the raid, being shot at by soldiers. Beside him, David Cámpora (Rogelio Gracia) wields an M1911A1.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightHP35_M1-5.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Huidobro's M1 Carbine, lying upside down after he is wounded in the raid.]] | |||
=Assault Rifles= | =Assault Rifles= | ||
==DGFM FMAP FAL/FM FAL Standard== | ==DGFM FMAP FAL/FM FAL Standard== | ||
The Argentine version of the FN FAL, known as the FMAP FAL ("Fábrica Militar de Armas Portátiles" FAL) or FM FAL Standard, made under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM), is used exclusively by Uruguayan soldiers in the film. | The Argentine version of the [[FN FAL]], known as the FMAP FAL ("Fábrica Militar de Armas Portátiles" FAL) or FM FAL Standard, made under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM), is used exclusively by Uruguayan soldiers in the film. | ||
The Uruguayan Armed Forces began phasing out the old M1 Garand rifles and M1 Carbines in favor of the FAL, which was adopted in the 1950s and used well into 2008, when it began being phased out by the [[Steyr AUG A2]] and [[AK-101|AK-101/102]]. The Uruguayan military has always used Argentine-made FALs. | |||
The Uruguayan Armed Forces began phasing out the old M1 Garand and M1 Carbines in favor of the FAL, which was adopted in the 1950s and used well into 2008, when it began being phased out by the Steyr AUG A2 and AK-101/102. The Uruguayan military has always used Argentine-made FALs. | [[File:FMAP-FAL-ARGENTINA.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Argentine DGFM FMAP FAL - 7.62x51mm NATO]] | ||
[[File:FMAP-FAL-ARGENTINA.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Argentine DGFM FMAP | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldier with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung, pushing Mauricio "El Ruso" ("The Russian") Rosencof to see his family during a prison visit.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-1.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Corporal "Sapito" (Lisandro Fiks) with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-2.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-3.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Corporal "Sapito" leaves with his FMAP FAL shoulder-slung.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-3.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-4.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers inside an Ural-4320 military truck, holding their FMAP FALs.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-4.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-5.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers with FMAP FALs and IMI Uzis, conducting a raid on a Tupamaro hideout.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-5.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-7.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers aiming their FMAP FALs as they prepare to storm the Tupamaro hideout.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-7.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-11.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Close-up of a FMAP FAL during the raid. An Uzi can be seen in the background.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-11.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-12.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers aim their FMAP FALs and Uzis during the raid.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-12.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-15.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldier firing his FMAP FAL during the raid.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-15.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-8.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldier wielding a FMAP FAL.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-8.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-9.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Close-up of the FMAP FAL barrel.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-9.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-10.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers armed with FMAP FALs, escorting Eleuterio Fernández Huidobro.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-10.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-13.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers armed with FMAP FALs, guarding the Penal de Libertad prison.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-13.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-14.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Uruguayan soldiers stand at attention with their FMAP FALs.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightFMAPFAL-14.jpg|thumb|none| | |||
==M16A1== | ==M16A1== | ||
[[M16A1]]s can be seen during news footage clips of the Vietnam War. | |||
[[File:M16A1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M16A1 with 20 round magazine - 5.56x45mm]] | [[File:M16A1.jpg|thumb|none|400px|M16A1 with 20 round magazine - 5.56x45mm]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-1.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|US soldier hurrying to a Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter with his M16A1 shoulder-slung.]] | ||
[[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-2.jpg|thumb|none| | [[File:ATwelveYearNightM16A1-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px|ARVN Vietnamese soldier carrying an M16A1.]] | ||
[[Category:Movie]] | [[Category:Movie]] | ||
[[Category:War]] | [[Category:War]] | ||
[[Category:Uruguayan | [[Category:Uruguayan Produced]] | ||
[[Category:Spanish | [[Category:Spanish Produced/Filmed]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:36, 13 November 2021
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A Twelve-Year Night (Spanish: La noche de 12 años) is a 2018 Uruguayan drama film directed by Álvaro Brechner. It premiered in Official Selection at the 75th Venice International Film Festival, and it was selected as the Uruguayan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film won the Golden Pyramid Award at the 40th Cairo International Film Festival.
The film is about the 12-year incarceration of members of the Tupamaros, a left-wing urban guerrilla group active in the 1960s and 1970s, 9 of whom were held as "hostages" between 1972 and 1985.
As a result, several characters are dramatizations of real people. Among them is José Mujica, who became the 40th President of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015.
The following weapons were used in the film A Twelve-Year Night:
Handguns
Colt M1911A1
The Colt M1911A1 is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters.
The M1911A1 was adopted by the Uruguayan Armed Forces in the 1960s and remained in service until it was replaced by the Glock 17.
Judging by their finish and barrel markings, the models used in the film could be Argentine-licensed DGFM Sistema Colt Modelo Argentino 1927 stand-ins, although it is difficult to notice.
Taurus PT92AFS
During a Christmas holiday asado (Uruguayan and Argentinian BBQ), Uruguayan soldiers are seen celebrating, and one shoots skyward with a modern-production model Taurus PT92AFS, identified by its characteristic wider cocking serrations on the slide, rear sight and black grip panels (which differ from those of a Beretta 92FS Inox). The depiction of this weapon in the film is highly anachronistic and inaccurate: a Uruguayan soldier would not have carried this handgun back then, as the Taurus PT92 has never been standard-issue in the Uruguayan Armed Forces; in addition, the first stainless-steel model of this weapon was not introduced until 1985 (the year the Uruguayan dictatorship was toppled), and the one depicted in the film is the more modern 2000s model.
DGFM HP-35
DGFM HP-35 pistols (Browning Hi-Power pistols built under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares of Argentina) are seen in the Tupamaro hideout next to some M1 Carbines.
In 1979, the Uruguayan Armed Forces acquired the 9mm DGFM HP-35 from Argentina. It is currently being phased out in favor of the Glock 17.
Revolvers
Smith & Wesson Model 10
Uruguayan Montevideo Police carry .38 Special Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolvers as their standard-issue firearm.
This particular revolver, the backbone of many police forces around the world, was also widely used in Uruguay at the time.
There is a possibility that the revolvers in the film could also be Argentine-licensed Colt Modelo Argentino 1895 stand-ins.
Smith & Wesson Victory Model
After raiding the house of Uruguayan journalist and notary Luis Martinera, where Tupamaros are hiding out, military intelligence officers plant false evidence to justify their violent actions. A Smith & Wesson Victory Model is planted on the dead body of Ivette, who is killed in cold blood when coming out of the house without uttering a single word.
Submachine Guns
IMI Uzi
The IMI Uzi is used by Uruguayan soldiers. Soldiers in the film mostly use them with the buttstock extended.
Historically, the Uzi was used and smuggled by Tupamaros from Uruguay into Brazil, in solidarity to help Brazilian rebels in Porto Alegre (as did Raúl Sendic to help Leonel Brizola). It was seen as a weapon of choice for guerrilla fighters due to how easily concealed it was.
The Uzi is still in use in the Uruguayan Armed Forces, in the full-sized Uzi, Mini Uzi and Micro Uzi variants. It is used in small numbers in the Air Force, by helicopter crews destined for the Congo and Eritrea, and also by the Navy, together with SECRON (Reconnaissance Section).
Note: the depiction of the Soviet Ural-4320 (in use in Uruguay since 1994, and in large numbers since 2001) in the 1973-1985 context of the film is highly anachronistic and inaccurate, as the Ural-4320 was introduced in 1976 in the USSR; in addition, US-aligned right-wing South American military dictatorships wouldn't have used them, due to military sanctions and restrictions on Communist-bloc hardware. Uruguayan Armed Forces used the US REO M34 and M35 instead.
STAR Z-62/Z-63/Z-70
The STAR Z-62 submachine gun (developed by the Spanish arms manufacturer STAR Bonifacio Echeverría S.A. in 1962), is used by both Uruguayan soldiers and Tupamaro freedom fighters.
The STAR Model Z-63 and Z-70 variants were adopted by the Police and the Armed Forces of Uruguay, including the National Army of Uruguay and the Uruguayan Naval Prefecture. They are still currently in service, even among Army battalions.
Without a good look at the receiver or trigger, it is difficult to tell which variant is being used at any given time, since the STAR Z-62 variants differ mostly in internal mechanisms, with minor external changes.
Carbines
M1 Carbine
The US M1 Carbine is used by the Tupamaro freedom fighters. The ones in the film appear to be post-WWII models, as can be easily noticed by their bayonet lugs.
More than 7,000 M1 Carbines were acquired by Uruguay from 1942 until 1976, through an agreement with a United States military equipment supply system. In the Uruguayan Armed Forces, the M1 Carbine was used in conjunction with the M1 Garand, as the official service rifle from the 1950s and well into the 1990s, when it was fully phased out by the FMAP FAL. It is currently in reserve, still in use for National Army recruit training, although 6,000 stockpiled M1 Carbines were to be returned to the United States as of 2007.
The M1 Carbine was widely used by left-wing guerrilla movements throughout Latin America.
Assault Rifles
DGFM FMAP FAL/FM FAL Standard
The Argentine version of the FN FAL, known as the FMAP FAL ("Fábrica Militar de Armas Portátiles" FAL) or FM FAL Standard, made under license by Dirección General de Fabricaciones Militares (DGFM), is used exclusively by Uruguayan soldiers in the film.
The Uruguayan Armed Forces began phasing out the old M1 Garand rifles and M1 Carbines in favor of the FAL, which was adopted in the 1950s and used well into 2008, when it began being phased out by the Steyr AUG A2 and AK-101/102. The Uruguayan military has always used Argentine-made FALs.
M16A1
M16A1s can be seen during news footage clips of the Vietnam War.
