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{{ | {{Infobox Movie | ||
'''The | |name = Tora! Tora! Tora! | ||
|picture = Tora! Tora! Tora!.jpg | |||
|caption = ''Movie Poster'' | |||
|country = [[File:JAP.jpg|25px]] Japan<br />[[Image:USA.jpg|25px]] United States | |||
|director = [[Richard Fleischer]]<br />Toshio Masuda<br />[[Kinji Fukasaku]] | |||
|date= September 23, 1970 | |||
|language = English<br />Japanese | |||
|studio=Elmo Williams-Richard Fleischer Productions | |||
|distributor=20th Century Fox | |||
|character1=Admiral Husband E. Kimmel | |||
|actor1=[[Martin Balsam]] | |||
|character2=Secretary Henry Stimson | |||
|actor2=[[Joseph Cotten]] | |||
|character3=Lt. Colonel Rufus S. Bratton | |||
|actor3=[[E.G. Marshall]] | |||
|character4=Vice Admiral William Halsey Jr. | |||
|actor4=[[James Whitmore]] | |||
|character5=Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto | |||
|actor5=Sô Yamamura | |||
|character6=Commander Minoru Genda | |||
|actor6=[[Tatsuya Mihashi]] | |||
|character7=Lt. Commander Mitsuo Fuchida | |||
|actor7=Takahiro Tamura | |||
}} | |||
'''''Tora! Tora! Tora!''''' is a 1970 World War II film that details the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The film told the story from both the US and Japanese perspectives with the production split into two units, one in the United States directed by ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea's'' Richard Fleischer and the other in Japan, briefly involving Akira Kurosawa before switching to Toshio Masuda and [[Kinji Fukasaku]], and was cast with character actors, which was not customary for war films of this scale at the time. ''Tora! Tora! Tora!'' did boast several vivid action sequences, some of which were filmed in and around Pearl. A fleet of aircraft was assembled for the film (including aircraft modified to make 12 "Zeroes," 9 "Kates" and 9 "Vals," a PBY Catalina, 5 B-17s and 2 P-40 Warhawks), with flight operations alone making up some $2.5 million of the budget. In addition, full-scale replicas of the entire Japanese battleship ''Nagato'' and part of the carrier ''Akagi'' were constructed on a beach in Japan, and the US Navy loaned the production of the aircraft carrier USS ''Yorktown'' for filming. | |||
Several of the combat sequences were re-used in films such as ''[[Midway]]'' and ''[[The Final Countdown]]''. The Pearl Harbor attack would also be recreated for the movie screens in 2001's ''[[Pearl Harbor]]'', with several of the modified "Japanese" aircraft made for this film appearing in the latter. The famous "sleeping giant" quote from Admiral Yamamoto, which there is no evidence of him ever actually saying, also originated with this film. | |||
The name of the film is a reference to the code phrase used by the Japanese strike force to indicate total surprise; the phrase comes from the Japanese "'''''to'''tsugeki '''ra'''igeki" (突撃雷撃)'', which literally means "lightning attack". | |||
{{Film Title}} | |||
__TOC__<br clear=all> | |||
=Pistols= | |||
==M1911== | |||
The [[M1911]] is seen carried by various US Naval personnel and US Army Air Corps pilots in the film. | |||
[[Image:COLTM1911 1913.jpg|thumb|none|300px|Colt M1911 Pistol - .45 ACP]] | |||
[[Image:Tora 02.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
=Submachine Guns= | |||
==M1928 Thompson== | |||
Various personnel of the US Army are seen using [[M1928 Thompson]]s to defend Pearl Harbor from the Japanese attack. | |||
[[Image:M1928-A1 T.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Colt M1921A Thompson - .45 ACP]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Thompson.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
=Rifles= | |||
==Arisaka Type 38== | |||
Japanese Navy personnel are seen carrying the [[Arisaka Type 38]]. | |||
[[Image:Arisakat38.jpg|thumb|450px|none|Arisaka Type 38 battle rifle 7.7x58mm]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Arisaka1.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Japanese sailors present their Arisakas to Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto ([[Sô Yamamura]]).]] | |||
==Karabiner 98k== | |||
A German soldier outside Hitler's chancellery carries a [[Karabiner 98k]]. | |||
[[File:Karabiner-98K.jpg|thumb|none|450px|Karabiner 98k - German manufacture 1937 date - 7.92x57mm Mauser]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Karabiner.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
==Springfield M1903== | |||
US Army personnel also are seen using the [[M1903 Springfield]] while defending Pearl Harbor from the Japanese attack. | |||
[[Image:Springfield1903.jpg|thumb|none|450px|M1903 Springfield .30-06]] | |||
[[Image:Tora 09.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
[[Image:Tora 10.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
=Machine Guns= | |||
==Browning M2 water cooled== | ==Browning M2 water cooled== | ||
The water-cooled variant of the [[Browning M2]] is seen mounted on US Navy battleships during the 'Day of Infamy'. These appear to actually be M2 Aircraft guns with fake cooling shrouds added, since they are somewhat shorter than they should be, and do not have the distinctive muzzle of the water-cooled version. | |||
[[Image:M2watercooled.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Browning M2- .50 Water Cooled]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-BroWC1.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-BroWC-2.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
[[Image:Tora 05.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Mess Attendant Third Class Doris "Dorie" Miller ([[Elven Havard]]) uses a water-cooled M2 with a 200-round "tombstone" drum on the USS ''West Virginia''. This scene is based on an actual event during the attack; after going to his battle station only to find it had already been destroyed by a Japanese torpedo, Miller came topside to aid wounded sailors, carried his mortally-wounded captain to an aid station, then he and two other sailors took control of the two unmanned AA guns on the ship's conning tower (Miller the starboard gun and Ensign Victor Delano the port), Miller personally shooting down three or four attacking aircraft (reports differ) and firing until he ran out of ammunition. He then further assisted in moving injured crewmen to the quarterdeck. For his actions, Miller became the first African-American to receive the Navy Cross.]] | |||
[[Image:Tora 07.jpg|thumb|none|600px|These scene was reused in ''[[Midway (1976)|Midway]].]] | |||
==Browning M2 Aircraft== | |||
The [[Browning M2#Browning M2 Aircraft|Browning M2 Aircraft heavy machine gun]] is seen mounted in the wings of USN Fighters, and earlier in a B-17 Bomber. | |||
[[Image:M2aircraft.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Browning M2 Aircraft - .50 BMG]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Browning-Air.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Sailor on the right transport the MG.]] | |||
==Lewis Gun== | |||
Modified Vultee BT-13 Valiants which resemble Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers are armed with [[Lewis Gun]] standing for Japanese [[Lewis_Gun#Type_92|Type 92]] machine guns. | |||
[[File:Lewis gun.JPG|thumb|400px|none|Lewis Gun - .303 British]] | |||
[[Image:Type92Lewis.jpg|thumb|none|400px|Japanese Type 92 with forced-air cooling jacket - 7.7x56R.]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Lewis.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
=Other= | |||
==3-inch / 50 calibre gun== | |||
A sequence of a US Navy destroyer dropping depth charges on a Japanese submarine in the run-up to the attack provides a good view of her stern-mounted 3"/50 calibre gun. The ship is playing the role of the USS ''Ward'' (DD-139, later APD-16), a ''Wickes''-class four-stack destroyer which fired the first American shots of the Pacific War. She was ultimately sunk by gunfire from the ''Allen M. Sumner''-class destroyer USS ''O'Brien'' (DD-725) after sustaining fatal damage from Kamikaze attacks while acting as an escort during the battle for Leyte: this happened on December 7th, 1944, 3 years to the day after the attack on Pearl. In an even stranger twist of fate, the ''O'Brien'' was under the command of the same man who had been the ''Ward's'' commanding officer three years before, William W. Outerbridge. | |||
By the time the film was made, not one of the 111 WW1-era ''Wickes''-class remained: the last, USS ''Maddox'' (DD-168, aka HMS ''Georgetown'', HMCS ''Georgetown'' and ''Doblestny'', and not to be confused with the much more famous DD-731 involved in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident), had been scrapped in 1952. As a result, in the film, she is actually the USS ''Finch'' (DE-328), an ''Edsall''-class destroyer escort. | |||
[[File:3Inch50Calibergun.jpg|thumb|none|400px|3 Inch 50 Caliber Anti-Aircraft Gun Display at Chengkungling History Museum, China.]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-50calibre.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
==Type 96 15 cm Howitzer== | |||
A Japanese Type 96 15 cm Howitzer can be seen in Hawaii which is not accurate in this time period. Since this is a war trophy, placed there only after the war, it is an anachronism. | |||
[[Image:Type96howitzer.jpg|thumb|none|450px|Type 96 15 cm Howitzer]] | |||
[[Image:Tora 10.jpg|thumb|none|600px]] | |||
==Type 96 25 mm AT / AA Gun== | |||
Japanese ships are armed with twin mounted [[Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun]]s. | |||
[[File:Type 96 25mm twin.jpg|thumb|300px|none|Type 96 twin AA mounting - 25x163mm]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Typeaa.jpg|thumb|none|600px|The AA gun behind Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto ([[Sô Yamamura]]).]] | |||
== | ==Type 89 12.7 cm/40 naval gun== | ||
Some Type 89 12.7 cm/40 naval guns can be seen on the same Japanese ship. | |||
[[File:Type89navalgun.jpg|thumb|300px|none|Twin Type 89 12.7 cm/40 naval gun mounting at Balikpapan, Borneo.]] | |||
[[Image:Tora-Type-TypeNaval.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Note this battleship is a full-scale replica.]] | |||
[[Category:Movie]] | [[Category:Movie]] | ||
[[Category:Drama]] | |||
[[Category:War]] | [[Category:War]] | ||
[[Category:Richard Fleischer]] | |||
[[Category:Japanese Produced/Filmed]] | |||
[[Category:Kinji Fukasaku]] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:53, 10 September 2023
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Tora! Tora! Tora! is a 1970 World War II film that details the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The film told the story from both the US and Japanese perspectives with the production split into two units, one in the United States directed by 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea's Richard Fleischer and the other in Japan, briefly involving Akira Kurosawa before switching to Toshio Masuda and Kinji Fukasaku, and was cast with character actors, which was not customary for war films of this scale at the time. Tora! Tora! Tora! did boast several vivid action sequences, some of which were filmed in and around Pearl. A fleet of aircraft was assembled for the film (including aircraft modified to make 12 "Zeroes," 9 "Kates" and 9 "Vals," a PBY Catalina, 5 B-17s and 2 P-40 Warhawks), with flight operations alone making up some $2.5 million of the budget. In addition, full-scale replicas of the entire Japanese battleship Nagato and part of the carrier Akagi were constructed on a beach in Japan, and the US Navy loaned the production of the aircraft carrier USS Yorktown for filming.
Several of the combat sequences were re-used in films such as Midway and The Final Countdown. The Pearl Harbor attack would also be recreated for the movie screens in 2001's Pearl Harbor, with several of the modified "Japanese" aircraft made for this film appearing in the latter. The famous "sleeping giant" quote from Admiral Yamamoto, which there is no evidence of him ever actually saying, also originated with this film.
The name of the film is a reference to the code phrase used by the Japanese strike force to indicate total surprise; the phrase comes from the Japanese "totsugeki raigeki" (突撃雷撃), which literally means "lightning attack".
The following weapons were used in the film Tora! Tora! Tora!:
Pistols
M1911
The M1911 is seen carried by various US Naval personnel and US Army Air Corps pilots in the film.
Submachine Guns
M1928 Thompson
Various personnel of the US Army are seen using M1928 Thompsons to defend Pearl Harbor from the Japanese attack.
Rifles
Arisaka Type 38
Japanese Navy personnel are seen carrying the Arisaka Type 38.
Karabiner 98k
A German soldier outside Hitler's chancellery carries a Karabiner 98k.
Springfield M1903
US Army personnel also are seen using the M1903 Springfield while defending Pearl Harbor from the Japanese attack.
Machine Guns
Browning M2 water cooled
The water-cooled variant of the Browning M2 is seen mounted on US Navy battleships during the 'Day of Infamy'. These appear to actually be M2 Aircraft guns with fake cooling shrouds added, since they are somewhat shorter than they should be, and do not have the distinctive muzzle of the water-cooled version.
Browning M2 Aircraft
The Browning M2 Aircraft heavy machine gun is seen mounted in the wings of USN Fighters, and earlier in a B-17 Bomber.
Lewis Gun
Modified Vultee BT-13 Valiants which resemble Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers are armed with Lewis Gun standing for Japanese Type 92 machine guns.
Other
3-inch / 50 calibre gun
A sequence of a US Navy destroyer dropping depth charges on a Japanese submarine in the run-up to the attack provides a good view of her stern-mounted 3"/50 calibre gun. The ship is playing the role of the USS Ward (DD-139, later APD-16), a Wickes-class four-stack destroyer which fired the first American shots of the Pacific War. She was ultimately sunk by gunfire from the Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS O'Brien (DD-725) after sustaining fatal damage from Kamikaze attacks while acting as an escort during the battle for Leyte: this happened on December 7th, 1944, 3 years to the day after the attack on Pearl. In an even stranger twist of fate, the O'Brien was under the command of the same man who had been the Ward's commanding officer three years before, William W. Outerbridge.
By the time the film was made, not one of the 111 WW1-era Wickes-class remained: the last, USS Maddox (DD-168, aka HMS Georgetown, HMCS Georgetown and Doblestny, and not to be confused with the much more famous DD-731 involved in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident), had been scrapped in 1952. As a result, in the film, she is actually the USS Finch (DE-328), an Edsall-class destroyer escort.
Type 96 15 cm Howitzer
A Japanese Type 96 15 cm Howitzer can be seen in Hawaii which is not accurate in this time period. Since this is a war trophy, placed there only after the war, it is an anachronism.
Type 96 25 mm AT / AA Gun
Japanese ships are armed with twin mounted Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Guns.
Some Type 89 12.7 cm/40 naval guns can be seen on the same Japanese ship.
