BGM-71 TOW: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:53, 11 December 2022

BGM-71 TOW mounted on M220 launcher with daysight tracker, AN/TAS-4A night sight and FCS with inserted battery module - 152mm

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BGM-71 TOW mounted in M65 launcher on AH-1W - 152mm

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BGM-71 TOW mounted on Humvee - 152mm.

The BGM-71 TOW series are SACLOS (semi-active command line of sight) missiles, and the US military's principle ground-based heavy antitank missile system. TOW was first produced by Hughes Aircraft in 1970 to replace the US' inventory of increasingly obsolete French-designed MGM-21A and MGM-32A MCLOS missiles and the M40 Recoilless Rifle, and the TOW series are currently manufactured by Raytheon. TOW stands for for "Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire-guided" (or "Wireless" for the RF variant), making it perhaps the most contrived acronym in history. BGM (multiple launch environment ground-attack guided missile) is the code used for all TOW missile variants other than training rounds with dummy warheads but live motors: these are BTM-71 (multiple launch environment training guided missile).

While much lighter than the M40 recoilless rifle it replaced, the infantry TOW launcher is still an extremely large and heavy crew-served weapon, weighing about 270 pounds fully assembled, and incorporates a series of components, breaking down into a sighting unit, launch tube into which encased missiles are inserted, a traversing unit (which includes the bridging clamp with the umbilical data connector for the launcher to communicate with the missile), a tripod for ground use, and a separate fire control subsystem (FCS) module with either an inserted battery unit (except the latest FCS module for the M41 launcher, which does not have a socket for a battery) or a larger and longer-lasting silver-zinc battery power source (BPS) module. The BPS and FCS modules link to each other, with the FCS linked to the launcher via the coil cable that comes from its underside. For ground vehicle use, the BPS can also function as a power conditioner to accept voltage from the vehicle's own battery, and instead of a tripod mount, the traversing unit is mated with a base on the vehicle's hatch or a telescopic base for APCs. The Bradley IFV has a twin TOW box launcher that cannot be used dismounted from the vehicle and has all the control systems integrated into it, and there are also integrated launcher systems for attack helicopters.

The missiles are typically wire-guided, though an RF-guided wireless TOW does exist: this can be fired from any launcher, since the equipment for communicating with the missile in flight is encased in the launch tube. The guidance system uses an IR beacon on the missile's tail to track it, while a visible light beacon assists the operator in keeping track of the missile's location while using the day sight. The operator designates the target using the crosshairs in the scope for the entire flight time of the missile, with the fire control system calculating flight corrections to steer the missile to the designated point. See this link for some notes on the firing procedure.

The original production BGM-71A Basic TOW, BGM-71B and BGM-71C Improved TOW (ITOW) used an M151 launcher, which was later upgraded to the M220 launcher for the BGM-71D TOW-2 in the 80s. Later M151 models and the M220 used a dual sighting system with a mandatory daysight tracker and optional gas-cooled night sight which clamped onto the top, the AN/TAS-4, which was later updated to the AN/TAS-4A. The new ITAS (improved target acquisition system, referred to as SABER by the US Marine Corps) system, designed in the late 90s, has a redesigned launcher unit, the M41, which features a single combined sighting unit with a combined eyepiece (older TOW launchers having a separate eyepiece for the night sight) with a built-in laser rangefinder, an electronic cooling unit for the night sight that does not require gas cartridges, and automatic boresighting, along with a new traversing unit with improved controls (replacing the scattered controls and traversing knobs with controls mounted on a pair of handgrips), an improved fire control system, and longer-lasting lithium-ion power source (LPS) and charger. The companion upgrade for the Bradley is the Improved Bradley Acquisition Subsystem (IBAS). The newest version, M41 ITAS-FTL (Far Target Location) mounts a GPS-based PADS (position attitude determination subsystem) unit on top of the sighting unit for receiving precise coordinate data and using the TOW launcher as a designator for other weapons.

TOW is the world's most widely exported ATGM system, being found in the arsenals of 36 countries by the 1980s. An Iranian copy, Toophan, is also widely exported and often misidentified as an authentic TOW system.

Specifications

(1970 - present)

Type: Guided missile launcher

Caliber: 152mm (5.98 in)

Weight: 204 lbs (92.5 kg) (empty M220 launcher with TOW 2 mods and AN/TAS-4A fitted) + 52.8 lbs (23.9 kg) for TOW-2 FCS module with inserted battery pack (21 lbs (9.5 kg) for separate BPS with power conditioner) and ~ 60 lbs (27.2 kg) for missile

Length: 42.5 in (108 cm) (empty launcher), ~ 50 in (127 cm) (encased missile)

The BGM-71 TOW and variants can be seen in the following films, television series, video games, and anime used by the following actors:

Film

Title	Character	Note	Date
Iron Eagle	Enemy soldiers	Mounted on AH-1F Cobra helicopters	1986
The Delta Force	Delta Force Operators	Launch tube only, without missile casing or sight	1986
Fire Birds	US Army soldiers	Mounted on AH-1S Cobra helicopters and M2 Bradley	1990
The Pentagon Wars	US Army soldiers	Tripod-mounted on truck and M2 Bradley	1998
Hulk	US Army soldier	Mounted on Humvee	2003
War of the Worlds	US Army soldiers	Mounted on Humvees	2005
War of the Worlds	US Marines	Mounted on Humvees	2005
The Tiger and the Snow	US Army soldier	Mounted on Humvees	2005
Superman Returns	Henchman	Mounted on ship, modified to fire kryptonite missile	2006
Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen	US Army soldiers	Mounted on M2 Bradley	2009
Battle: Los Angeles	US Marines	Mounted on AH-1W Super Cobra helicopters	2011
Man of Steel	US Army soldiers	Mounted on M2 Bradleys	2013

Television

Show Title	Character	Note / Episode	Air Date
The Sentinel	Sunrise Patriots terrorists	Tripod-mounted, "Siege" (S01E02)	1996
Over There		Mounted on M2 Bradley, "Embedded"	2005
Hawaii Five-0		arms dealers	2019-2020

Video Games

Game Title	Appears as	Mods	Notation	Release Date
Time Crisis II			Mounted on VAB armoured personnel carrier, unusable	1997
Half-Life			Mounted on M2 Bradley, unusable	1998
Crisis Zone			Mounted on M2 Bradley, unusable	1997
Steel Beasts		With thermal imaging	Mounted on various military vehicles	2000
Time Crisis II			Mounted on VAB armoured personnel carrier, unusable	2001
Conflict: Desert Storm				2002
Time Crisis: Crisis Zone			Mounted on M2 Bradley, unusable	2004
Battlefield 2			Tripod and vehicle-mounted	2005
Project Reality		With thermal imaging	Tripod and vehicle-mounted	2005
Conflict: Global Terror				2005
ArmA II			Tripod and vehicle-mounted	2009
America's Army		Appears to be a TGT (TOW Gunnery Trainer)	Tripod mounted, unusable	2002
Battlefield: Vietnam			Mounted on M151 MUTT	2004
Joint Task Force			Mounted on Humvee	2006
World in Conflict			Mounted on M2 Bradley	2007
ArmA: Armed Assault				2007
Call of Duty: Black Ops			Anachronistic M41 ITAS mounted on even more anachronistic 2011 Jeep Wrangler, shown firing MCLOS TV-guided missiles	2010
Battlefield 3			M220 tripod mount with AN/TAS-4A	2011
Battlefield Play4Free			Tripod and vehicle-mounted	2011
Battlefield 4			M220 tripod mount with AN/TAS-4A	2013
Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance			Mounted on World Marshal Gekko unmanned vehicles	2013
Black Mesa	"TOW Launcher"	Missing bridging clamp	Ground mounting	2012
World of Guns: Gun Disassembly			Mounted on Humvee	2014
Call to Arms				2018

Anime

Title	Character	Note	Date
Digimon Tamers	JGSDF soldiers	Mounted on AH-1 Cobra helicopters	2001 - 2002
Black Lagoon	Neo-Nazis	Tripod-mounted	2006

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''The BGM-71 TOW missile launcher can be seen in the following films and video games used by the following actors:'''
+[[Image:Tow 07.jpg|thumb|right|401px|BGM-71 TOW mounted on M220 launcher with daysight tracker, AN/TAS-4A night sight and FCS with inserted battery module - 152mm]]
-[[Image:Tow 07.jpg|thumb|right|400px|BGM-71 TOW mounted on M220 tripod 152mm]]
+[[File:TOW AH-1W.jpg|thumb|right|400px|BGM-71 TOW mounted in M65 launcher on AH-1W - 152mm]]
+[[File:TOW Humvee mount.jpg|thumb|right|450px|BGM-71 TOW mounted on Humvee - 152mm.]]
+The '''BGM-71 TOW''' series are SACLOS (semi-active command line of sight) missiles, and the US military's principle ground-based heavy antitank missile system. TOW was first produced by Hughes Aircraft in 1970 to replace the US' inventory of increasingly obsolete French-designed MGM-21A and MGM-32A MCLOS missiles and the [[M40 Recoilless Rifle]], and the TOW series are currently manufactured by Raytheon. TOW stands for for "Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire-guided" (or "Wireless" for the RF variant), making it perhaps the most contrived acronym in history. BGM (multiple launch environment ground-attack guided missile) is the code used for all TOW missile variants other than training rounds with dummy warheads but live motors: these are '''BTM-71''' (multiple launch environment training guided missile).
+While much lighter than the M40 recoilless rifle it replaced, the infantry TOW launcher is still an extremely large and heavy crew-served weapon, weighing about 270 pounds fully assembled, and incorporates a series of components, breaking down into a sighting unit, launch tube into which encased missiles are inserted, a traversing unit (which includes the bridging clamp with the umbilical data connector for the launcher to communicate with the missile), a tripod for ground use, and a separate fire control subsystem (FCS) module with either an inserted battery unit (except the latest FCS module for the M41 launcher, which does not have a socket for a battery) or a larger and longer-lasting silver-zinc battery power source (BPS) module. The BPS and FCS modules link to each other, with the FCS linked to the launcher via the coil cable that comes from its underside. For ground vehicle use, the BPS can also function as a power conditioner to accept voltage from the vehicle's own battery, and instead of a tripod mount, the traversing unit is mated with a base on the vehicle's hatch or a telescopic base for APCs. The Bradley IFV has a twin TOW box launcher that cannot be used dismounted from the vehicle and has all the control systems integrated into it, and there are also integrated launcher systems for attack helicopters.
+The missiles are typically wire-guided, though an RF-guided wireless TOW does exist: this can be fired from any launcher, since the equipment for communicating with the missile in flight is encased in the launch tube. The guidance system uses an IR beacon on the missile's tail to track it, while a visible light beacon assists the operator in keeping track of the missile's location while using the day sight. The operator designates the target using the crosshairs in the scope for the entire flight time of the missile, with the fire control system calculating flight corrections to steer the missile to the designated point. See [[Talk:BGM-71_TOW#TOW_firing_procedure|this link]] for some notes on the firing procedure.
+The original production BGM-71A Basic TOW, BGM-71B and BGM-71C Improved TOW (ITOW) used an M151 launcher, which was later upgraded to the M220 launcher for the BGM-71D TOW-2 in the 80s. Later M151 models and the M220 used a dual sighting system with a mandatory daysight tracker and optional gas-cooled night sight which clamped onto the top, the AN/TAS-4, which was later updated to the AN/TAS-4A. The new ITAS (improved target acquisition system, referred to as SABER by the US Marine Corps) system, designed in the late 90s, has a redesigned launcher unit, the M41, which features a single combined sighting unit with a combined eyepiece (older TOW launchers having a separate eyepiece for the night sight) with a built-in laser rangefinder, an electronic cooling unit for the night sight that does not require gas cartridges, and automatic boresighting, along with a new traversing unit with improved controls (replacing the scattered controls and traversing knobs with controls mounted on a pair of handgrips), an improved fire control system, and longer-lasting lithium-ion power source (LPS) and charger. The companion upgrade for the Bradley is the Improved Bradley Acquisition Subsystem (IBAS). The newest version, M41 ITAS-FTL (Far Target Location) mounts a GPS-based PADS (position attitude determination subsystem) unit on top of the sighting unit for receiving precise coordinate data and using the TOW launcher as a designator for other weapons.
+TOW is the world's most widely exported ATGM system, being found in the arsenals of 36 countries by the 1980s. An Iranian copy, Toophan, is also widely exported and often misidentified as an authentic TOW system.
+==Specifications==
+(1970 - present)
+* '''Type:''' Guided missile launcher
+* '''Caliber:''' 152mm (5.98 in)
+* '''Weight:''' {{convert|lbs|204}} (empty M220 launcher with TOW 2 mods and AN/TAS-4A fitted) + {{convert|lbs|52.8}} for TOW-2 FCS module with inserted battery pack ({{convert|lbs|21}} for separate BPS with power conditioner) and ~ {{convert|lbs|60}} for missile
+* '''Length:''' {{convert|in|42.5}} (empty launcher), ~ {{convert|in|50}} (encased missile)
+-----
+{{Gun Title}}
 === Film ===
@@ Line 6: / Line 31: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
 |-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
+!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="280"|'''Title'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="170"|'''Actor'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
-!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="280"|'''Title'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="50"|'''Date'''
 |-
-|  || U.S. Army Soldiers || [[War of the Worlds]] || Mounted on Humvees || 2005
+|  ''[[Iron Eagle]]'' || || Enemy soldiers ||  Mounted on AH-1F Cobra helicopters || 1986
+|-
+| ''[[The Delta Force]]'' || || Delta Force Operators || Launch tube only, without missile casing or sight || 1986
+|-
+| ''[[Fire Birds]]'' ||  || US Army soldiers ||  Mounted on AH-1S Cobra helicopters and M2 Bradley || 1990
+|-
+|  ''[[Pentagon Wars, The|The Pentagon Wars]]'' |||| US Army soldiers ||  Tripod-mounted on truck and M2 Bradley || 1998
+|-
+|  ''[[Hulk]]'' || || US Army soldier ||  Mounted on Humvee || 2003
+|-
+| ''[[War of the Worlds (2005)|War of the Worlds]]'' || || US Army soldiers ||   Mounted on Humvees || 2005
+|-
+|  ''[[War of the Worlds (2005)|War of the Worlds]]'' |||| US Marines ||  Mounted on Humvees || 2005
 |-
-|  || U.S. Marines || [[War of the Worlds]] || Mounted on Humvees || 2005
+|''[[Tiger and the Snow, The (La tigre e la neve)|The Tiger and the Snow]]'' || ||US Army soldier||Mounted on Humvees||2005
 |-
-|  || U.S. Army soldiers || [[Fire Birds]] || Mounted on AH-1S Cobra helicopters || 1990
+| ''[[Superman Returns]]'' || || Henchman ||  Mounted on ship, modified to fire kryptonite missile || 2006
 |-
-|  || Henchman || [[Superman Returns]] || Mounted on ship, modified to fire kryptonite missile || 2006
+|  ''[[Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen]]'' || || US Army soldiers ||  Mounted on M2 Bradley || 2009
 |-
-|  || U.S. Army soldier || [[Hulk]] || Mounted on Humvee || 2003
+|  ''[[Battle: Los Angeles]]'' || || US Marines ||  Mounted on AH-1W Super Cobra helicopters || 2011
 |-
-|  || U.S. Army soldiers || [[Pentagon Wars, The|The Pentagon Wars]] || Tripod-mounted on truck || 1998
+|  ''[[Man of Steel]]'' || || US Army soldiers ||  Mounted on M2 Bradleys || 2013
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 30: / Line 67: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
 |-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
+!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Show Title'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="170"|'''Actor'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Character'''
-!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Show Title / Episode'''
+!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note  / Episode'''
-!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Note'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="80"|'''Air Date'''
 |-
-|  || Sunrise Patriots terrorists || [[Sentinel, The (TV series)|The Sentinel]] / "Siege" || Tripod-mounted || 1996 - 1999
+|  ''[[Sentinel, The (TV series)|The Sentinel]]''||  || Sunrise Patriots terrorists || Tripod-mounted, "Siege" (S01E02) || 1996
+|-
+|  ''[[Over There]]''  || ||   ||  Mounted on M2 Bradley, "Embedded" || 2005
+|-
+| ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010) - Season 10|Hawaii Five-0]]'' ||||  ||arms dealers ||2019-2020
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 47: / Line 88: @@
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="150"|'''Appears as'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Mods'''
-!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="200"|'''Notation'''
+!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="250"|'''Notation'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|''' Release Date'''
 |-
-| [[Armored Fist 3]] ||  ||  || Mounted on M2 Bradley || 1999
+| [[Time Crisis II]] || || || Mounted on VAB armoured personnel carrier, unusable || 1997
+|-
+| [[Half-Life]] ||  ||  || Mounted on M2 Bradley, unusable || 1998
+|-
+| [[Crisis Zone]] || || || Mounted on M2 Bradley, unusable || 1997
+|-
+| [[Steel Beasts]] ||  || With thermal imaging || Mounted on various military vehicles || 2000
+|-
+| [[Time Crisis II]] || || || Mounted on VAB armoured personnel carrier, unusable || 2001
+|-
+| [[Conflict: Desert Storm]] ||  ||  || || 2002
+|-
+| [[Crisis Zone|Time Crisis: Crisis Zone]] || || || Mounted on M2 Bradley, unusable || 2004
 |-
 | [[Battlefield 2]] ||  ||  || Tripod and vehicle-mounted || 2005
@@ Line 56: / Line 109: @@
 | [[Project Reality]] ||  || With thermal imaging || Tripod and vehicle-mounted || 2005
 |-
-| [[Steel Beasts]] ||  ||  || Mounted on various military vehicles || 2000
+| [[Conflict: Global Terror]] ||  ||  || || 2005
 |-
 | [[ArmA II]] ||  ||  || Tripod and vehicle-mounted || 2009
 |-
-| [[America's Army]] ||  ||  || Tripod mounted, non-playable || 2002
+| [[America's Army]] ||  || Appears to be a TGT (TOW Gunnery Trainer) || Tripod mounted, unusable || 2002
 |-
 | [[Battlefield: Vietnam]] ||  ||  || Mounted on M151 MUTT || 2004
 |-
 | [[Joint Task Force]] ||  ||  || Mounted on Humvee || 2006
+|-
+| [[World in Conflict]] ||  ||  || Mounted on M2 Bradley || 2007
+|-
+| [[ArmA: Armed Assault]] ||  ||  || || 2007
+|-
+| [[Call of Duty: Black Ops]] || || || Anachronistic M41 ITAS mounted on even more anachronistic 2011 Jeep Wrangler, shown firing MCLOS TV-guided missiles || 2010
+|-
+| [[Battlefield 3]] ||  ||  || M220 tripod mount with AN/TAS-4A|| 2011
 |-
 | [[Battlefield Play4Free]] ||  ||  || Tripod and vehicle-mounted || 2011
+|-
+| [[Battlefield 4]] ||  ||  || M220 tripod mount with AN/TAS-4A || 2013
+|-
+| [[Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance]] || || || Mounted on World Marshal Gekko unmanned vehicles || 2013
+|-
+| [[Black Mesa]] || "TOW Launcher" || Missing bridging clamp || Ground mounting || 2012
+|-
+| ''[[World of Guns: Gun Disassembly]]'' || ||  || Mounted on Humvee|| 2014
+|-
+| ''[[Call to Arms]]'' || ||  || || 2018
 |-
 |}
@@ Line 74: / Line 145: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;" border="1" style="border: 1px solid #D0E7FF; background-color:#ffffff; text-align:left; font-size: 95%"
 |-bgcolor=#D0E7FF
+!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="275"|'''Title'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="275"|'''Character'''
-!align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="275"|'''Film Title'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="300"|'''Note'''
 !align=center bgcolor=#D0E7FF width="100"|'''Date'''
 |-
-| Neo-Nazis || [[Black Lagoon]] || Tripod-mounted || 2006
+| ''[[Digimon Tamers]]'' || JGSDF soldiers ||  Mounted on AH-1 Cobra helicopters || 2001 - 2002
+|-
+| ''[[Black Lagoon]]'' ||Neo-Nazis ||  Tripod-mounted || 2006
 |-
 |}

BGM-71 TOW: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:53, 11 December 2022

Contents

Specifications

Film

Television

Video Games

Anime

Navigation menu

BGM-71 TOW: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 04:53, 11 December 2022

Specifications

Film

Television

Video Games

Anime

Navigation menu

Search